丝状真菌是一类具有生产多种活性天然化合物的菌种,其在工业生产中的经济价值较高。丝状真菌具有较为复杂的遗传背景,基因工程应用与丝状真菌的时间与应用于其他的物种相比较晚,基因敲除作为改造丝状真菌的重要方法之一,能够被用于明确基因在同种菌株中的功能,另外,基因敲除能有效地阻遏旁路代谢,增加目的产物的产量。本文重点介绍了丝状真菌的价值和研究进展,并分别对常用于丝状真菌基因敲除的技术以及另外几种少见的用于丝状真菌基因敲除的技术进行了介绍,总结了各项技术应用于丝状真菌的研究进展,尤其是无痕敲除技术在丝状真菌中的应用,对丝状真菌基因敲除技术的应用前景进行了展望,以期为丝状真菌基因敲除的深远发展提供一定的理论参考。Filamentous fungi show good economic value, because it has the ability to produce a variety of active natural compounds. The genetic background of filamentous fungi is relatively complex, and the use of genetic engineering to modify filamentous fungi is relatively late. Gene knockout is one of the important methods to modify filamentous fungi. Gene knockout technology can clarify the function of genes and effectively block or weaken the bypass metabolic pathway, so that the metabolic flux is concentrated to the target product. This review focuses on the value and research progress of filamentous fungi, and introduces the commonly used techniques for gene knockout of filamentous fungi and several other rare techniques for gene knockout of filamentous fungi, and summarizes the research progress of each technology applied to filamentous fungi, especially the application of non-striatal knockout technology in filamentous fungi. The application prospect of filamentous fungi gene knockout technology was prospected in order to provide some theoretical reference for the far-reaching development of filamentous fungi gene knockout.
