In order to investigate the mechanism of nanoparticles enhancing the heat and mass transfer of the ammonia-water absorption process,several types of binary nanofluids were prepared by mixing Al2O3 nanoparticles with polyacrylic acid(PAA),TiO2 with polyethylene glycol(PEG 1000),and TiN,SiC,hydroxyapatite(noodle-like) with PEG 10000 to ammonia-water solution,respectively.The thermal conductivities were measured by using a KD2 Pro thermal properties analyzer.The influences of surfactant and ammonia on the dispersion stabilities of the binary nanofluids were investigated by the light absorbency ratio index methods.The results show that the type,content and size of nanoparticles,the temperature as well as the dispersion stability are the key parameters that affect the thermal conductivity of nanofluids.For the given nanoparticle material and the base fluid,the thermal conductivity ratio of the nanofluid to the ammonia-water liquid increases as the nanoparticle content and the temperature are increased,and the diameter of nanoparticle is decreased.Furthermore,the thermal conductivity ratio increases significantly by improving the stabilities of nanofluids,which is achieved by adding surfactants or performing the proper ammonia content in the fluid.
在试验结果的基础上,分析制冷量和能效比随干湿球温度的变化特性。用赤池信息量准则(Akaike information criterion,AIC)选取制冷量和能效比最优拟合三维曲面方程,求解制冷量和能效比随干湿球温度变化的梯度极值区间,以两者梯度极值区间内干湿球温度允差范围的并集为A级、现行干湿球温度允差为C级,以各级最大(最小)能效比变化率相等原则,对允差进行三级非线性划分。实例表明随着允差等级的升高,能效比最大变化率由5.19%缩减至1.04%,分级允差能够更加准确地判别房间空调器的能效等级,并给国家标准的修订提供参考。
In view of different compressor adding ways in the ammonia-water absorption/compression combined refrigeration AWA /CCR cycle combining the Schulz state equation of the ammonia-water solution the theoretical analysis and calculations on two combination ways by adding the compressor in the high-pressure area and in the low-pressure area are conducted respectively.The effects of several factors including the evaporation temperature Te heat-source temperature Th as well as the cooling water temperature Tw on the equivalent heat consumption in compression qCW heat consumption in absorption qG and the system coefficient of performance COP are analyzed under the two combination configurations.The results show that the effect of the equivalent heat consumption in compression on the COP is less than that of the heat consumption in absorption.Besides the compressor set in the high-pressure area uses more energy than that in the low-pressure area. Moreover the compressor in the low-pressure area is superior to that in the high-pressure area with respect to the COP. Under the given intermediate pressure there is an optimum heat-source temperature corresponding to the maximum COP of the AWA/CCR cycle.
