Objective To explore the role of adipokines including insulin, resistin, leptin, adiponectin, acylation stimulating protein （ASP） and complement C3 （C3） in various types of obesity （peripheral obesity, abdominal obesity and mixed obesity） in Chinese children and adolescents, and their relationships with body size and pubertal development. Methods Children and adolescents （n=3 508） aged 6 to 18 years, with 1 788 boys and 1 720 girls were assessed for body mass index, waist circumference, pubertal development, blood insulin, resistin, leptin, adiponectin, ASP and C3 levels. Three types of obesity [peripheral obesity （n=43）, abdominal obesity （n=473）, mixed obesity （n=1 187）] and non‐obese control （n=1 805） were defined with combined use of Chinese body mass index and waist circumference criteria. Results Serum resistin, leptin and adiponectin levels were higher in girls than those in boys （all P0.01）. Insulin and leptin increased and adiponectin decreased across five Tanner stages in both girls and boys （all P0.001）, while ASP changed only in girls （P0.001） and C3 only in boys （P0.001）. Insulin, leptin and ASP were higher, but adiponectin was lower in all three types of obesity vs. the non‐obese control （all P0.05）. The greatest abnormalities of all six adipokines were found in the mixed obesity group. With inclusion of body mass index and waist circumference in simultaneous regression analyses, both body size indices were independently and significantly correlated with insulin, leptin and adiponectin after age and gender adjustment. Compared with waist circumference, the body mass index was stronger in interpreting insulin, leptin, adiponectin and ASP levels, whereas it was weaker in explaining variance of plasma C3. Conclusions Obese children have a worse metabolic profile with high insulin, resistin, leptin, ASP and C3, and low adiponectin levels. The adipokine profile in mixed obesity is worse than that in peripheral or abdominal obesity. Identification of
ZHANG MeiXianZHAO XiaoYuanLIMingCHENG HongHOU DongQingWEN YuKatherine CIANFLONEMI Jie
Objective To explore the metabolic syndrome and its association with arterial compliance in Chinese children and adolescents. Methods 337 participants aged 6 to 18 years with males accounted for 55.8% were grouped according to their traits of metablic syndrome. Anthropometry, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, insulin and serum lipid profile were measured. Homeostasis model was assessed and insulin resistance （HOMA-IR） index was measured and calculated for estimating individual insulin resistance. Arterial compliance was also measured using digital pulse wave analyzing method （Micro medical, London）, and stiffness index was calculated. Results The stiffness index in participants with metablic syndrome was significant higher than that in participants with no riskof metablic syndrome [（7.69±1.63） vs （6.25±0.86） m/s, P〈0.01] and stiffness index and HOMA-IR were progressively increased with the increase of traits of metablic syndrom （P for linear trend 〈0.001）. After gender, age, and pubertal development were adjusted, both traits of metablic syndrome and HOMA-IR were correlated positively with stiffness index （both P〈0.05）. Conclusion The clustering of metablic syndrome was closely associated with risk at increased arterial stiffness in Chinese children and adolescents. It was suggested that arterial compliance assessment of children and adolescents might be an important measure for prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
