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国家自然科学基金(40041004)

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植物碳同位素组成的环境影响因素及在水分利用效率中的应用被引量:35
2008年
碳同位素组成(δ(13C))综合反映了植物光合作用过程中气孔的传导和CO2的固定,可以作为植物在环境中生理机能变化的指标,用于研究植物生理与生态环境之间的关系。降水、温度、光照、土壤盐度、大气CO2浓度等因素都会在不同程度上影响植物叶片气孔传导和CO2的固定,导致植物的δ(13C)发生变化。降水因素对δ(13C)影响最明显,温度对δ(13C)产生的影响较复杂。一般情况下,大气中CO2通过影响植物叶片的内外压力,使植物δ(13C)发生变化。植物δ(13C)不仅可以反映光合作用过程中对水分的利用效率,而且与水分利用效率具有正相关性,因此,碳同位素技术在植物水分利用效率的研究中具有理论和现实意义。
殷树鹏张成君郭方琴李晓丽张云
关键词:稳定碳同位素组成水分利用效率
中国西北干旱区湖泊沉积物中有机质碳同位素组成的环境意义——以民勤盆地三角城古湖泊为例被引量:66
2004年
通过对中国西北干旱区石羊河流域民勤盆地三角城古湖泊沉积物有机质碳同位素组成 (δ1 3Corg)分析 ,表明末次冰期与全新世时气候和植被有明显的差异 ,末次冰期δ1 3Corg总体偏轻 (- 30‰~ - 2 5‰ ) ,而全新世碳同位素组成则有较大的变化 ,在早全新世碳同位素组成有多次短期快速变重 (- 1 0‰左右 )的变化 ,中全新世碳同位素组成总体偏重 (- 2 0‰~ - 1 0‰ ) ,晚全新世碳同位素组成偏轻 (- 2 5‰左右 )。分析表明湖泊沉积物有机质碳同位素组成反映了陆生C3植物和湖泊内源水生植物变化的关系 ,末次冰期以来西北干旱区C4 植物不发育 ,偏重的有机质碳同位素值与C4 植物无关。从沉积物中有机质组分、元素等分析表明 ,末次冰期时主要以河流相沉积为主 ,湖泊中有机质主要来源于上游祁连山的陆生C3植物 ,有机碳含量较低 ,表明当时的上游的陆生植被不繁盛 ,区域气候较干冷 ;从全新世开始 ,三角城古湖泊开始形成 ,沉积物中碳同位素组成偏重的有机质主要来源于湖泊中的沉水植物 ,此时湖泊水体较大 ,湖泊生产力较高。而沉积物中有机质碳同位素组成偏轻时期的有机质主要来源于挺水植物、陆生C3植物 ,较低的有机碳含量说明该时期陆生植被不发育 ,气候较干冷 。
张成君陈发虎尚华明曹洁
High-Resolution Records of the Holocene Paleoenvironmental Variation Reflected by Carbonate and Its Isotopic Compositions in Bosten Lake and Response to Glacial Activities被引量:10
2009年
The Early Holocene paleoclimate in Bosten Lake on the northern margin of the Tarim Basin, southern Xinjiang, is reconstructed through an analysis of a 953 cm long core (BSTC2000) taken from Bosten Lake. Multiple proxies of this core, including the mineral components of carbonate, carbonate content, stable isotopic compositions of carbonate, Ca/Sr, TOC and C/N and C/S of organic matter, are used to reconstruct the climatic change since 8500 a B.P. The chronology model is made by nine AMS 14C ages of leaves, seeds and organic matter contained in two parallel cores. The climate was cold and wet during 8500 to 8100 a B.P. Temperature increased from 8100 to 6400 a B.P., the climate was warm and humid, and the lake expanded. The lake level was highest during this stage. Then from 6400 to 5100 a B.P., the climate became cold and the lake level decreased slightly. During the late mid-Holocene, the climate was hot and dry from 5100 to 3100 a B.P., but there was a short cold period during 4400 to 3800 a B.P. At this temporal interval, a mass of ice and snow melting water supplied the lake at the early time and made the lake level rise. The second highest lake level stage occurred during 5200 to 3800 a B.P. The climate was cool and wet during 3100 to 2200 a B.P., when the lake expanded with decreasing evaporation. The lake had the last short-term high level during 3100 to 2800 a B.P. After this short high lake level period, the lake shrank because of the long-term lower temperature and reduced water supply. From 2200 to 1200 a B.P., the climate was hot and dry, and the lake shrank greatly. Although the temperature decreased somewhat from 1200 a B.P. to the present, the climate was warm and dry. The lake level began to rise a little again, but it did not reach the river bed altitude of the Konqi River, an outflow river of the Bosten Lake.
ZHANG ChengjunZHENG MianpingAlexander PROKOPENKOSteffen MISCHKEGOU XiaohuiYANG QiliZHANG WanyiFENG Zhaodong
关键词:CARBONATE
西北干旱区石羊河流域末次冰期晚期气候不稳定性记录被引量:11
2000年
通过对我国西北干旱区石羊河流域三角城末次冰期最盛期晚期 -晚冰期地层剖面沉积物中有机质碳同位素分析 ,表明在季风边缘带的沉积地层中较详细地记录了这一时期气候快速颤动 ,发生千年至百年尺度的冷干—温湿变化 ,高分辨的有机质碳同位素组成与GRIP氧同位素组成有较好的可比性 ,表明与全球古气候变化有明显的联系 ,也反映在末次冰期最盛期与晚冰期过渡期气候温湿 ,陆地植被比较发育 ,可能与东亚季风有关。有机质碳同位素这一指标对气候记录较敏感 ,是重建干旱区高分辨古气候演化模式十分有效的手段 ,在季风交汇带能灵敏地记录到气候快速变化。
张成君陈发虎王琪施祺孙维贞
关键词:石羊河流域有机质碳同位素古气候变化
中国东北地区中新生代岩浆岩中氮及其同位素组成
2002年
通过真空热解法分析中国东北地区中新生代以来形成的碱性玄武岩和基性侵入岩中氮含量及其同位素组成的差异,结果表明喷出岩和侵入岩中流体组分在岩浆的上升侵入过程中有不同的表现形式,喷出岩与围岩有较少的混染作用发生。碱性玄武岩包裹体中氮含量较低,为1.91~14.01μL/g,δ^(15)N为-22.6‰~-1.8‰。侵入岩包裹体中氮含量为25.39~731.30μL/g,δ^(15)N为+0.7‰~+20.9‰。碱性玄武岩中N_2含量和氮同位素组成可能部分代表了上地幔流体的特征,脱气作用造成同位素值有较大变化;而侵入岩中的N_2含量和氮同位素组成更多地反映了地壳中含氮物质浓度及同位素组成特征。
张成君陈发虎文启彬
关键词:碱性玄武岩侵入岩同位素组成脱气作用
中国新疆博斯腾湖全新世沉积环境年代学特征被引量:34
2004年
通过对博斯腾湖沉积物湖芯样品进行13 7Cs,14 C -AMS测年分析 ,湖芯剖面上有明显的 1986年的切尔诺贝利核事故蓄积峰 ,以及 1975年和 196 3年次蓄积峰 ,这些13 7Cs蓄积峰对博斯腾湖现代沉积有明显的时标意义。通过质量深度与年代分析 ,博斯腾湖的沉积速率相对稳定 ,平均沉积速率为 0 .13± 0 .0 1g/cm2 .a。与14 C年代获得的中全新世以来的平均沉积速率 0 .13± 0 .0 3cm/a和 0 .12± 0 .0 5cm/a相似 ,表明博斯腾湖中全新世以来的沉积环境较稳定 ,并且也说明14 C -AMS测年分析所得的结果较为可靠 ,可以利用博斯腾湖沉积物样品测定的14 C年代进行线性回归作年代校正 ,由于湖泊沉积物中老碳效应的影响 ,博斯腾湖沉积物有机质14 C测年偏老约 6 5 0a左右。
张成君曹洁类延斌尚华明
关键词:全新世沉积环境地质年代学沉积速率
Carbon and Oxygen Isotopic Composition of Surface-Sediment Carbonate in Bosten Lake (Xinjiang,China) and its Controlling Factors被引量:15
2009年
Bosten Lake is a mid-latitude lake with water mainly supplied by melting ice and snow in the Tianshan Mountains. The depositional environment of the lake is spatially not uniform due to the proximity of the major inlet and the single outlet in the western part of the lake. The analytical results show that the carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of recent lake sediments is related to this specific lacustrine depositional environment and to the resulting carbonate mineralogy. In the southwestern lake region between the Kaidu River inlet and the Kongqi River outlet, carbon isotope composition (δ^13C) values of the carbonate sediment (-1‰ to -2‰) have no relation to the oxygen isotope composition of the carbonate (δ^18O) values (-7‰ to -8‰), with both isotopes showing a low variability. The carbonate content is low (〈20%). Carbonate minerals analyzed by X-ray diffraction are mainly composed of calcite, while aragonite was not recorded. The salinity of the lake water is low in the estuary region as a result of the Kaidu River inflow. In comparison, the carbon and oxygen isotope values are higher in the middle and eastern parts of the lake, with δ^13C values between approximately +0.5‰ and +3‰, and δ^18O values between -1‰ and -5‰. There is a moderate correlation between the stable oxygen and carbon isotopes, with a coefficient of correlation r of approximately 0.63. This implies that the lake water has a relatively short residence time. Carbonate minerals constitute calcite and aragonite in the middle and eastern region of the lake. Aragonite and Mg-calcite are formed at higher lake water salinity and temperatures, and larger evaporation effects. More saline lake water in the middle and eastern region of the lake and the enhanced isotopic equilibrium between water and atmospheric CO2 cause the correlating carbon and oxygen isotope values determined for aragonite and Mg-calcite. Evaporation and biological processes are the main reasons for the salinity and carbonate mine
Steffen MISCHKEAlexander PROKOPENKO
关键词:CARBONATEARAGONITE
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