The existence, formation and content of water ice in the lunar permanently shaded region is one of the important questions for the current Moon study. On October 9, 2009, the LCROSS mission spacecraft impacted the Moon, and the initial result verified the existence of water on the Moon. But the study on formation and content of water ice is still under debate. The existence of water ice can change the dielectric constants of the lunar regolith, and a microwave radiometer is most sensitive to the dielectric parameters. Based on this, in this paper, the radiation transfer model is improved according to the simulation results in high frequency. Then the mixture dielectric constant models, including Odelevsky model, Wagner and landau-Lifshitz model, Clau-sius model, Gruggeman-Hanai model, etc., are analyzed and compared. The analyzing results indicate that the biggest difference occurs between Lichtenecker model and the improved Dobson model. The values estimated by refractive model are the second biggest in all the models. And the results from Odelevsky model, strong fluctuation model, Wagner and Landau –Lifshitz model, Clausius model and Bruggeman-Hanai model are very near to each other. Thereafter, the relation between volume water ice content and microwave brightness temperature is constructed with Odelevsky mixing dielectric model and the improved radiative transfer simulation, and the volume water ice content in Cabeus crater is retrieved with the data from microwave radiometer onboard Chang’e-1 satellite. The results present that the improved radiative transfer model is proper for the brightness temperature simulation of the one infinite regolith layer in high frequency. The brightness temperature in Cabeus crater is 69.93 K (37 GHz), and the corresponding volume water ice content is about 2.8%.
MENG ZhiGuoCHEN ShengBoEdward Matthew OSEI JnrWANG ZiJunCUI TengFei
在潜力模型基础上,提出了伪潜力指数,将其应用于定量描述城镇集聚能力的极化过程,并分析城镇规模和交通条件对集聚能力的影响。为了消除时间段上存在着常数的变量问题,通过面板数据分析(Panel Data Analy-sis)验证研究结果。将该方法应用于分析东莞各镇区1997-2005年城镇集聚能力的空间特征及其变化,探讨城市内部是否存在极化现象。结果表明,镇区集聚能力在空间上存在聚类;集聚能力的变化使极化现象在全市范围内逐步加强,但在经济核心地带内部出现了反极化现象。综合城镇规模对集聚能力的提高更加显著,其空间格局奠定了集聚能力的空间分布状况,从而决定了经济发展要素流动的方向,产生极化现象。选取净迁入人口和实际利用外资情况建立面板数据模型,估计结果证明潜力指数计算结果与人口和资金的吸引呈正相关。
The dielectric constant of the lunar regolith can directly influence the reflection coefficient and the trans-mission coefficient of the Moon′s surface, and plays an important role in the Moon research. In order to study the di-electric properties of the lunar regolith, the lunar regolith simulant was made according to the making procedure of the CAS-1 simulant made by Chinese Academy of Sciences. Then the dielectric constants of the lunar regolith simulant were measured with 85070E Aiglent Microwave Network Analyzer in the frequency ranging from 0.2 GHz to 20.0 GHz and at temperature of 25.1℃, 17.7℃, 13.1℃, 11.5℃, 9.6℃, 8.0℃, 4.1℃, -0.3℃, -4.7℃, -9.5℃, -18.7℃, -27.7℃, and -32.6℃, respectively. The Odelevsky model was employed to remove the influence of water in the air on the final effective dielectric constants. The results indicate that frequency and temperature have apparent influences on the dielectric constants of the lunar regolith simulant. The real parts of the dielectric constants increase fast over the range of 0.2 GHz to 3.0 GHz, but decrease slowly over the range of 4.0 GHz to 20.0 GHz. The opposite phenomenon occurs in the imaginary parts. The influences of the frequency and temperature on the brightness temperature were also estimated based on the radiative transfer equation. The result shows that the variation of the frequency and temperature results in great changes of the microwave brightness temperature emitting from the lunar regolith.
MENG ZhiguoCHEN ShengboDU XiaojuanEDWARD Matthew Osei JnrLU PengWANG Zijun
多智能体系统(Multi-Agent system,MAS)是一种进行复杂系统分析与模拟的强有力工具,尤其在社会科学领域得到了广泛的应用。本文提出了基于多智能体的居住区位选择模型(Agent-Based Model of Residential Location—ABMRL),将多智能体建模的方法应用于居民居住区位决策行为和地价动态变化的研究中,旨在探索与模拟居民在居住选择过程中的复杂空间决策行为,以及居民之间、居民与地理环境的相互作用而导致城市居住空间分异的演化过程。ABMRL模型由表征各类居民的多智能体层和表征地理环境的元胞自动层组成,对应人地关系中的两个基本要素——人类与自然环境。该模型认为居民迁居的动力源于内部的经济社会压力和外部的居住环境刺激。利用ABMRL模型模拟和验证了居住空间分异、圈层城市空间结构、城市绅士化等经典城市理论,并以广州市海珠区为实验区,模拟了该区域居民居住空间分异的演化过程和地价的动态变化。
