Seismic wave modeling is a cornerstone of geophysical data acquisition, processing, and interpretation, for which finite-difference methods are often applied. In this paper, we extend the velocity- pressure formulation of the acoustic wave equation to marine seismic modeling using the staggered-grid finite-difference method. The scheme is developed using a fourth-order spatial and a second-order temporal operator. Then, we define a stability coefficient (SC) and calculate its maximum value under the stability condition. Based on the dispersion relationship, we conduct a detailed dispersion analysis for submarine sediments in terms of the phase and group velocity over a range of angles, stability coefficients, and orders. We also compare the numerical solution with the exact solution for a P-wave line source in a homogeneous submarine model. Additionally, the numerical results determined by a Marmousi2 model with a rugged seafloor indicate that this method is sufficient for modeling complex submarine structures.
Based on seismic and drilling data, we calculated tectonic subsidence amounts and rates of the Wan'an Basin by backstripping. The genetic mechanism and syn-rifting process of the basin were analyzed in combination with the regional geological setting. The results reveal that the basin syn-rifted in the Eocene and early Miocene under the control of the dextral strike-slip Wan'an Fault Zone. The transtensional/ extentional stresses along this fault zone may be attributed to seafloor spreading of the South China Sea (SCS) in multiple episodes. Extensive basal faults and some small initial rifts in the early Paleogene can be related to southeastward extrusion and clockwise rotation of the Indochina Block. During the Oligocene, the nearly N-S directed spreading of the SCS derived the transtensional stresses in a roughly NW-SE orientation. The basin subsided rapidly in the middle and north to form two major subsidence centers. In the early Miocene, the SCS spread again in a nearly NW-SE direction, resulting in rapid subsidence in the southern basin continuous extending until the period ～16.3 Ma.
南海北部洋陆过渡带水深变化剧烈,海底地形崎岖,构造复杂多变,地震勘探中多次波十分发育,常规处理难以取得很好的成像效果.由于方法的局限性,任何一种多次波压制方法都很难彻底地压制全部多次波.本文通过对国家基金委共享航次在南海北部陆缘采集的二维反射地震资料的分析,总结了不同多次波压制技术的优缺点和适用范围,结合滤波类方法和波动理论类方法,综合应用了表面相关多次波衰减法(SRME,Surface Related Multiple Elimination)、τ-p域预测反褶积、高分辨率抛物线Radon变换以及叠后压制残余多次波等方法去除多次波,有效突出了一次反射波,证明了方法的有效性和实用性,同时也形成了针对南海深水资料多次波压制的一种有效的处理流程和方法组合.
