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国家自然科学基金(40171047)

作品数:15 被引量:264H指数:9
相关作者:吕军黄树辉苑韶峰曾光辉王素娜更多>>
相关机构:浙江大学温州医学院浙江林学院更多>>
发文基金:国家自然科学基金国家重点基础研究发展计划国家教育部博士点基金更多>>
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15 条 记 录,以下是 1-10
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土壤裂缝产生过程中双氢胺对氮溶质运移的影响被引量:3
2006年
模拟稻田土壤在淹水后加入不同量的(NH4)2SO4和双氢胺(DCD)抑制剂的溶液,让土壤自然变干,直至土壤产生裂缝到裂缝稳定的连续培养,在培养第10d后再给土柱复水的6种处理,每天监测各处理渗漏液中铵态氮、硝态氮和亚硝态氮的浓度变化。试验结果表明,肥料(NH4)2SO4和DCD的加入量是10∶1.5和10∶2时,即DCD和肥料(NH4)2SO4施用量的高比例能在裂缝产生过程时较好地抑制铵态氮硝化,整个培养过程没有获得DCD抑制剂对渗漏液中硝态氮和亚硝态氮的影响。裂缝稳定后的复水对渗漏液中的铵态氮没有影响,但是提高了渗漏液中的亚硝态氮和硝态氮的浓度。
黄树辉曾光辉
关键词:裂缝土壤
我国资源利用现状及节约机制框架的构建被引量:7
2007年
对于资源的态度无非“开源”、“节流”2种,“开源”由于其较高的成本和有限性使得“节流”逐渐受到人们的重视。资源的可持续性是一个长期困扰人类的全球性问题,尤其对我国这样的人多地少、资源匮乏的国度而言,更是关系到生存与发展的迫在眉睫的问题。在分析了我国能源、水、土地、矿产等资源利用特点及供求矛盾的基础上,提出了对我国建设资源节约型社会的关键是有效地激励与约束机制的观点,并且构建了从法律法规、政策、经济、监督等角度建立约束机制,从产权、经济和声誉的角度建立激励机制的思路。
苑韶峰
关键词:激励机制可持续发展
分形及其在土壤科学中的应用被引量:19
2005年
介绍了分形这一新兴的数学分支,并讨论了分形理论在土壤科学中的价值和应用。结合相应的模型论述了分形理论在土壤水分特征曲线及在土壤大孔隙流研究中的应用。
王素娜吕军
关键词:分形分形维数水分特征曲线
氮肥和磷肥对稻田N_2O排放的影响被引量:36
2005年
通过模拟南方稻田施用不同量的氮肥和磷肥的实验来探讨N和P对稻田释放N2O的影响.结果表明,水稻田N2O排放通量的较大值主要出现在3次烤田期;氮肥和磷肥对土壤中产生N2O的贡献主要在水稻生长中后期,从第1次烤田起(移栽后34d),氮肥和磷肥都表现为对N2O排放有促进作用;而低氮对N2O排放的刺激作用没有高氮的作用明显,且N2处理(180kg/hm2)、N1处理(90kg/hm2)和N0处理(没有施肥)之间的平均N2O排放差异不显著.在水稻生长中后期(第1次烤田后),N3处理(270kg/hm2)和N4处理(360kg/hm2)的较高水平的氮肥加入能强烈刺激N2O排放.
黄树辉蒋文伟吕军曹建明
关键词:N2O排放稻田氮肥磷肥
Water and heat transport in hilly red soil of southern China:I. Experiment and analysis被引量:4
2005年
Studies on coupled transfer of soil moisture and heat have been widely carried out for decades. However, little work has been done on red soils, widespread in southern China. The simultaneous transfer of soil moisture and heat depends on soil physical properties and the climate conditions. Red soil is heavy clay and high content of free iron and aluminum oxide. The climate conditions are characterized by the clear four seasons and the serious seasonal drought. The great annual and diurnal air temperature differences result in significant fluctuation in soil temperature in top layer. The closed and evaporating columns experiments with red soil were conducted to simulate the coupled transfer of soil water and heat under the overlaying and opening fields’ conditions, and to analyze the effects of soil temperature gradient on the water transfer and the effects of initial soil water contents on the transfer of soil water and heat. The closed and evaporating columns were designed similarly with about 18 °C temperatures differences between the top and bottom boundary, except of the upper end closed or exposed to the air, respectively. Results showed that in the closed column, water moved towards the cold end driven by temperature gradient, while the transported water decreased with the increasing initial soil water content until the initial soil water content reached to field capacity equivalent, when almost no changes for the soil moisture profile. In the evaporating column, the net transport of soil water was simultaneously driven by evaporation and temperature gradients, and the drier soil was more influenced by temperature gradient than by evapo- ration. In drier soil, it took a longer time for the temperature to reach equilibrium, because of more net amount of transported water.
吕军黄志珍韩晓非
关键词:EVAPORATION
Water and heat transport in hilly red soil of southern China:II. Modeling and simulation被引量:2
2005年
Simulation models of heat and water transport have not been rigorously tested for the red soils of southern China. Based on the theory of nonisothermal water-heat coupled transfer, a simulation model, programmed in Visual Basic 6.0, was developed to predict the coupled transfer of water and heat in hilly red soil. A series of soil column experiments for soil water and heat transfer, including soil columns with closed and evaporating top ends, were used to test the simulation model. Results showed that in the closed columns, the temporal and spatial distribution of moisture and heat could be very well predicted by the model, while in the evaporating columns, the simulated soil water contents were somewhat different from the observed ones. In the heat flow equation by Taylor and Lary (1964), the effect of soil water evaporation on the heat flow is not involved, which may be the main reason for the differences between simulated and observed results. The predicted temperatures were not in agreement with the observed one with thermal conductivities calculated by de Vries and Wierenga equations, so that it is suggested that Kh, soil heat conductivity, be multiplied by 8.0 for the first 6.5 h and by 1.2 later on. Sensitivity analysis of soil water and heat coefficients showed that the saturated hydraulic conductivity, KS, and the water diffusivity, D(θ), had great effects on soil water transport; the variation of soil porosity led to the difference of soil thermal properties, and accordingly changed temperature redistribution, which would affect water redistribution.
吕军黄志珍韩晓非
关键词:VALIDATION
水稻土裂缝的演变及其还原酶活性的变化研究被引量:7
2004年
在温室中对3种水稻土进行土柱培养,加水使土壤含水量充分饱和,然后土壤自然干燥。在该过程中,粘粒含量高的青紫泥和黄斑田产生了裂缝,而粘粒含量低的小粉土没有开裂。青紫泥和黄斑田在裂缝演变过程中,单位面积的总长度、最大宽度以及最大深度都遵循着一定的演变规律。裂缝的产生对于硝酸还原酶和羟胺还原酶活性的变化影响显著,但是亚硝酸还原酶活性的变化与裂缝的产生没有多大关系。在裂缝产生到稳定过程中,青紫泥和黄斑田的硝酸还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶和羟胺还原酶活性的演变规律相似。
黄树辉吕军
关键词:硝酸还原酶
烤田对土壤中氮素和与氮有关的酶活性影响被引量:12
2004年
在水稻分蘖期对5种不同尿素氮肥水平的小区进行烤田5天的试验。试验结果表明,在烤田过程中,脲酶活性变化不明显,呈微弱增加趋势。硝酸还原酶活性急剧降低,羟胺还原酶活性呈波动变化,几乎检测不到亚硝酸还原酶活性。土表的铵态氮也呈波动变化,随着烤田时间的增加铵态氮含量降低。土表的硝态氮浓度不断增加,烤田增大了复水后硝态氮向地下水淋溶的趋势。施氮量越多,土表的矿质氮含量也越多。土壤烤田的主要目的是通过降低土壤的含水量,提高土壤的氧化还原电位,改善土壤的通气状况。
黄树辉吕军
关键词:烤田土壤氮素酶活性影响因素
水稻土裂缝的生成对N_2O释放的影响被引量:14
2004年
通过土柱试验模拟了3种水稻土从淹水到日渐变干过程中的N2O日变化和时变化规律.相同质地的粉质黏壤土青紫泥和黄斑田有相似的N2O日释放规律,区别于粉质壤土的小粉土.24h内开裂土壤青紫泥和黄斑田的释放高峰分别在14:00和凌晨2:00,未开裂的小粉土释放高峰仅在凌晨2:00.裂缝的产生使N2O释放高峰提前出现.在培养过程中开裂的青紫泥和黄斑田的N2O日排放通量与含水量之间存在显著的指数关系,而未开裂的小粉土则未呈现明显相关关系.在裂缝产生过程中,裂缝的平均体积与N2O日排放通量之间存在极显著的乘幂关系.裂缝的平均面积与N2O日排放通量存在显著的乘幂关系,裂缝的平均深度与N2O日排放通量之间呈显著的线性关系.
黄树辉吕军曾光辉
关键词:N2O排放水稻土裂缝
曹娥江干流水质的时空变异被引量:9
2004年
通过对浙江省绍兴地区的曹娥江干流上7个取水断面的多次、多参数水质监测,从电导、pH值、水温、溶解氧(DO)、浊度、高锰酸钾指数、总氮(TN)以及总磷(TP)8项水质参数,分析了曹娥江干流水质的时空变异。结果表明:(1)悬浮颗粒态污染物对TN,尤其是对TP有明显的贡献作用;(2)在一定程度上,海潮对pH值和高锰酸钾指数有影响;(3)在一定程度上,降雨对水体中的TN有较明显的影响;(4)整体上曹娥江干流的水质属于 类或是劣于 类的水质。
苑韶峰吕军陈丁江王素娜
关键词:干流水质水质监测
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