Field experiments provide an opportunity to study the effects of fertilization on soil organic carbon(SOC) sequestration.We sampled soils from a long-term(25 years) paddy experiment in subtropical China.The experiment included eight treatments:(1) check,(2) PK,(3) NP,(4) NK,(5) NPK,(6) 7F:3M(N,P,K inorganic fertilizers+30% organic N),(7) 5F:5M(N,P,K inorganic fertilizers+50% organic N),(8) 3F:7M(N,P,K inorganic fertilizers+70% or-ganic N).Fertilization increased SOC content in the plow layers compared to the non-fertilized check treatment.The SOC density in the top 100 cm of soil ranged from 73.12 to 91.36 Mg/ha.The SOC densities of all fertilizer treatments were greater than that of the check.Those treatments that combined inorganic fertilizers and organic amendments had greater SOC densities than those receiving only inorganic fertilizers.The SOC density was closely correlated to the sum of the soil carbon converted from organic amendments and rice residues.Carbon sequestration in paddy soils could be achieved by balanced and combined fertilization.Fertilization combining both inorganic fertilizers and organic amendments is an effective sustainable practice to sequestrate SOC.
Soil phosphomonoesterase plays a critical role in controlling phosphorus(P) cycling for crop nutrition,especially in P-deficient soils.A 6-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate soil phosphomonoesterase activities,kinetics and thermodynamics during rice growth stages after consistent swine manure application,to understand the impacts of swine manure amendment rates on soil chemical and enzymatic properties,and to investigate the correlations between soil enzymatic and chemical variables.The experiment was set out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates and five treatments including three swine manure rates(26,39,and 52 kg P ha^(-1),representing low,middle,and high application rates,respectively) and two controls(no-fertilizer and superphosphate at 26 kg P ha^(-1)).The results indicated that the grain yield and soil chemical properties were significantly improved with the application of P-based swine manure from 0 to 39 kg P ha^(-1);however,the differences between the 39(M_(39)) and 52 kg P ha^(-1) treatments(M_(52)) were not significant.The enzymatic property analysis indicated that acid phosphomonoesterase was the predominant phosphomonoesterase in the tested soil.The M_(39) and M_(52) treatments had relatively high initial velocity(V_0),maximal velocity(V_(max)),and activation grade(lgN_a) but low Michaelis constant(K_m),temperature coefficient(Q_(10)),activation energy(E_a),and activation enthalpy(ΔH),implying that the M_(39) and M_(52) treatments could stimulate the enzyme-catalyzed reactions more easily than all other treatments.The correlation analysis showed that the distribution of soil phosphomonoesterase activities mainly followed the distributions of total C and total N.Based on these results,39 kg P ha^(-1) could be recommended as the most appropriate rate of swine manure amendment.
LI LiangLIANG Xin-QiangLI HuaJI Yuan-JingLIU JinYE Yu-ShiTIAN Guang-MingCHEN Ying-XuLUO Yong-Ming
