Using data from direct numerical simulation （DNS） of incompressible and compressible channel flow, we develop a method of sub-ensemble decomposition to investigate the pressure gradient effect on the Karman constant and the additive constant B characterizing the mean velocity profile （MVP）. The sub-ensemble decomposition is defined according to the magnitude of vertical fluctuation velocity, which mimics coherent motions like ejection and sweep. DNS data analysis shows that each sub-ensemble displays a distinct Karman constant, with a variation which mimics effects of pressure gradient. The latter is demonstrated by a relation between sub-ensembles＇ km and Bm similar to empirical data under various pressure gradients. A set of global parameters, k0-pg=0.39 ＆ B0-pg=5.5, are then derived for interpreting two constants observed by Nagib et al.
The present paper reports the first investigation on a turbulent jet issuing from a diamond orifice（hereafter termed a ＂diamond jet＂） with an aspect ratio of 1.7.Velocity measurements were conducted in the transitional region,and the exit Reynolds number of the jet was 50000.For comparison,a round jet with identical normalized boundary conditions was also measured.It is shown that the diamond jet decays and spreads faster than the round jet does over the measured flow region.The axis-switching phenomenon is observed in the diamond jet.Although both jets display primary coherent structures in the near field,these structures are found to break down more rapidly in the diamond jet,due to the higher three-dimensionality of the flow.Moreover,the streamwise components of the Reynolds normal stress and all the shear stresses reach their maxima around the location of the maximal mean shear while the maxima of the lateral components of the Reynolds normal stresses occur around the centreline of the jet.
Recent experimental and numerical investigations reveal that the onset of turbulence in plane-Poiseuille flow and planeCouette flow has some similar stages separated with different threshold Reynolds numbers.Based on these observations and the energy equation of a disturbed fluid element,a local Reynolds number Re L is derived to represent the maximum ratio of the energy supplement to the energy dissipation in a cross section.It is shown that along the sequence of transition stages,which include transient localized turbulence,"equilibrium" localized turbulence,spatially intermittent but temporally persistent turbulence and uniform turbulence,the corresponding thresholds of Re L for plane-Couette flow,Hagen-Poiseuille flow and plane-Poiseuille flow are consistent,indicating that the critical(threshold) states during the laminar-turbulent transition are determined by the local properties of the base flow and are independent of global features,such as flow geometries(pipe or channel) and types of driving forces(shear driving or pressure driving).
We extend the impulse theory for unsteady aerodynamics, from its classic global form to finite-domain formulation, then to a minimum-domain version for discrete wake. Each extension has been confirmed numerically. The minimum-domain theory indicates that the numerical finding of Li and Lu（2012） is of general significance： The entire force is completely determined by only the time rate of impulse of those vortical structures still connecting to the body, along with the Lamb-vector integral thereof that captures the contribution of all the rest disconnected vortical structures.
Why the stall of an airfoil can be significantly delayed by its pitching-up motion？ Various attempts have been proposed to answer this question over the past half century, but none is satisfactory. In this letter we prove that a chain of vorticity-dynamics processes at accelerating boundary is fully responsible for the causal mechanism underlying this peculiar phenomenon. The local flow behavior is explained by a simple potential-flow model.
Discontinuous Galerkin（DG） method is known to have several advantages for flow simulations,in particular,in fiexible accuracy management and adaptability to mesh refinement. In the present work,the DG method is developed for numerical simulations of both temporally and spatially developing mixing layers. For the temporally developing mixing layer,both the instantaneous fiow field and time evolution of momentum thickness agree very well with the previous results. Shocklets are observed at higher convective Mach numbers and the vortex paring manner is changed for high compressibility. For the spatially developing mixing layer,large-scale coherent structures and self-similar behavior for mean profiles are investigated. The instantaneous fiow field for a three-dimensional compressible mixing layer is also reported,which shows the development of largescale coherent structures in the streamwise direction. All numerical results suggest that the DG method is effective in performing accurate numerical simulations for compressible shear fiows.
Xiao-Tian ShiJun ChenWei-Tao BiChi-Wang ShuZhen-Su She
Hypersonic boundary layer transition is of fundamental importance for the design of high-speed vehicles because of its direct relevance to drag and aerodynamic heating.As the focus of transition and turbulence research is shifting towards higher velocities,research on compressible flows,especially hypersonic flows,is becoming increasingly attractive to researchers worldwide[1,2].
Wenkai ZhuDingwei GuWufei SiShiyi ChenYiding ZhuCunbiao Lee
Experimental and numerical studies have shown similarities between localized turbulence in channel and pipe flows.By scaling analysis of a disturbed-flow model,this paper proposes a local Reynolds number Re M to characterize the threshold of transition triggered by finite-amplitude disturbances.The Re M represents the maximum contribution of the basic flow to the momentum ratio between the nonlinear convection and the viscous diffusion.The lower critical Re M observed in experiments of plane Poiseuille flow,pipe Poiseuille flow and plane Couette flow are all close to 323,indicating the uniformity of mechanism governing the transition to localized turbulence.
Jianjun Tao,Shiyi Chen,and Weidong Su Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering,College of Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China
