Bupleurum polysaccharides(BPs)is isolated from Bupleurum smithii var.parvifolium,a key traditional Chinese medicine.The study was to investigate the effects of BPs on diabetic kidney injury.After two intraperitoneal injections of streptozotozin(STZ)100 mg·kg^–1,renal injury in diabetic mice was induced and BPs was orally administrated at dosages of 30 and 60 mg·kg^–1·d^–1.The STZ injected mice developed renal function damage,renal inflammation and fibrosis known as diabetic kidney disease(DKD).BPs significantly reduced serum creatinine level and urinary albumin excretion rate,with the attenuated swelling of kidneys.BPs treatment obviously alleviated the pathological damage of renal tissue.The progression of renal injury in BPs treated mice was inhibited with less expression of type IV collagen(Col IV),fibronectin(FN)andα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA).The inhibition of inflammation in kidney was associated with the reduced level of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6).BPs administration suppressed the over-expression of toll like receptor 4(TLR4)and high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1)with lowered activity of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)in renal tissue of diabetic mice.Oral administration of BPs effectively prevented the development of renal injury in diabetic mice.This study suggested that the protection provided by BPs might affect through the interruption of HMGB1-TLR4 pathway,leading to the inhibition of renal inflammation and fibrotic process.
LIU Zhen-ZhenWENG Hong-BoZHANG Li-JiePAN Ling-YuSUN WeiCHEN Hai-XiaCHEN Mei-YuZENG TaoZHANG Yun-YiCHEN Dao-FengLI Hong
The inappropriate activation of complement system may cause some life-threatening symptoms such as rheumatoid arthritis,systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)and acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).In our efforts to obtain natural anticomplement agents from traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)for prevention and treatment of the complement-associated diseases。
A high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an evaporative light scattering detector(HPLC-ELSD)has been developed to evaluate the quality of Asparagus filicinus through a simultaneous determination of six steroidal saponins and one ecdysone,including aspafiliosides A,B,C,E,G,filiasparoside A and 20-hydroxyecdysone.With a C_(18) analytical column,the seven analytes were separated efficiently using acetonitrile-water as the mobile phase in a gradient program.The method limits of detection ranged 0.1250.225μg,and the method limits of quantitation ranged 0.408-0.720μg,respectively.The intra-and inter-day precisions of the method were evaluated and were all less than 3%.All the recoveries for the spiked analytes ranged 95.16%-100.61%.The proposed method was succesfully applied to quantify the seven components in thirteen samples from different localities in China.
Anti-complement activity guided fractionation led to the isolation of 24 compounds from Commelina communis.Bioassay showed that six compounds inhibited the classical pathway and alternative pathway with CH 50 values of 0.12-1.44 mM and AP 50 values of 0.28-7.05 mM,respectively.Preliminary mechanism studies demonstrated that quinovic acid acted on C1q,C2,C3,C4,C5 and C9 components of the complement system,β-sitosterol interacted with C3 and C4,（＋）-catechin-3-O-β-Dgluco（2-cinnamoyl）-pyranoside,p-cresol and 6-methoxy-3-methylbenzene-1,2,4-triol blocked C1q,C2,C3,C5 and C9.
Lipopolysaccharides(LPS) contamination in herbal crude polysaccharides is inevitable. The present study was performed to explore the effect of polymyxin B on abolishing the influence of LPS contamination in mononuclear cells. LPS was pretreated with polymyxin B sulfate(PB) at different concentrations for 1, 5 or 24 h, and then used to stimulate RAW264.7 and mouse peritoneal macrophages(MPMs). The nitric oxide(NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in cell culture supernatant, as the indications of cell response, were assayed. Bupleurum chinensis polysaccharides(BCPs) with trace amount contamination of LPS was treated with PB. 30 μg·mL^(–1) of PB, treating LPS(10 and 1000 ng·mL^(–1) in stimulating RAW264.7 and MPMs respectively) at 37 ℃ for 24 h, successfully abolished the stimulating effect of LPS on the cells. When the cells were stimulated with LPS, BCPs further promoted NO production. However, pretreated with PB, BCPs showed a suppression of NO production in MPMs and no change in RAW264.7. In the in vitro experiments, LPS contamination in polysaccharide might bring a great interference in assessing the activity of drug. Pretreatment with PB(30 μg·mL^(–1)) at 37 °C for 24 h was sufficient to abolish the effects of LPS contamination(10 and 1 000 ng·mL^(–1)).
LU Xiao-XiaoJIANG Yi-FanLI HongOU Ying-YeZHANG Zhi-DeDI Hong-YeCHEN Dao-FengZHANG Yun-Yi
