The temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the geomagnetic secular acceleration(SA) are investigated, based on CHAOS-4 core field model during the period of 1997–2013. The SA evolution on a short time scale is associated with the phenomenon of the geomagnetic jerk. More details of the global extent and the occurrence time of the successive jerks(the 1999, 2003, 2007, and 2011 jerks) are obtained. The location, size and reversed polarity pattern for the 1999 jerk are similar to those for the 2003 jerk in the Asian-Indian sector. While the 2007 and 2011 jerks mainly take place in the Atlantic sector. The direction and speed of the shift for the four jerks are different, identified by the occurrence time of the jerks. The zonal motions of the SA patches exhibit an oscillation pattern in the Asian-Indian sector, whereas a purely westward drifting pattern is along the equator in the Atlantic sector. It is believed that the shift of the jerks is related to the motion of SA-B_r patches observed at the core-mantle boundary(CMB).
The concept of using an externally applied magnetic field to add the drag force of a hypersonic reentry vehicle during the blackout was proposed by Bush in 1958.The increased drag force is caused by electromagnetic force that is introduced by interaction between the applied magnetic field and the weakly ionized airflow around the reentry vehicle.We investigated the influences of magnetic field intensities on the drag forces of a reentry vehicle by three dimensional(3-D)magnetohydrodynamics(MHD)simulation.The results showed that the drag fore exerted on the vehicle reached 25 kN when the magnetic field was 0.4 T.The drag force increased with the enhanced intial magnetic field.The bow shock was also pushed far away from the vehicle when the magnetic field was strengthened.
