农药暴露对人体的健康损害已成为热点研究课题。对Web of Science平台中Science Citation Index Expanded(SCI-E)和Social Sciences Citation Index(SSCI)检索的481篇英文论文和中国知网(CNKI)收录的46篇中文论文进行了文献计量分析。农药暴露对健康损害的论文数量总体呈现上升趋势,而以美国为代表的发达国家在该方面研究中占据主导地位。病例对照研究、队列研究和横截面研究是该方面最主要研究类型,而Logistic回归和线性回归是被采用最多的定量研究方法。农药暴露对人体各个系统,尤其是神经系统、循环系统和生殖系统的健康损害是主要研究领域,也是2011—2015年的研究热点;大量论文分析了农药暴露与癌症和死亡之间的关系。与发达国家相比,中国在该方面的研究仍存在较大差距。
Chinese farmers are often accused of overusing pesticides that play a crucial role in enhancing crop yield by reducing losses to crop pests. Pesticide overuse has caused a series of negative health and environmental externalities. This paper quantiifes the productivity effect and the optimal amount of pesticides in rice, cotton and maize production in China from the economic perspective. Using survey data col ected in 2012 and 2013, both Cobb-Douglas and Weibul damage control speciifcations are used to estimate the production function. Results show that pesticides have statistical y signiifcant pro-ductivity effect on crop yield. On the condition of Weibul damage control speciifcations, the marginal products of 1 kg of the active ingredients of pesticides for rice, cotton and maize are 71.06, 22.73 and 98.45 kg, respectively. However, 57, 64 and 17%of the actual amount of pesticides are overused for rice, cotton and maize, respectively. Moreover, the productivity effect of pesticides would be overestimated using Cobb-Douglas speciifcation without incorporating a damage control agent.
