Biotherapy mainly refers to the intervention and the treatment of major diseases with biotechnologies or bio-drugs,which include gene therapy,immunotherapy(vaccines and antibodies),bone marrow transplantation and stem-cell therapy.In recent years,numerous biomaterials have emerged and were utilized in the field of biotherapy due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability.Generally,biomaterials can be classified into natural or synthetic polymers according to their source,both of which have attracted much attention.Notably,biomaterials-based non-viral gene delivery vectors in gene therapy are undergoing rapid development with the emergence of surface-modified or functionalized materials.In immunotherapy,biomaterials appear to be attractive means for enhancing the delivery efficacy and the potency of vaccines.Additionally,hydrogels and scaffolds are ideal candidates in stem-cell therapy and tissue engineering.In this review,we present an introduction of biomaterials used in above biotherapy,including gene therapy,immunotherapy,stem-cell therapy and tissue engineering.We also highlighted the biomaterials which have already entered the clinical evaluation.
目的研究丙戊酸对脑红蛋白表达的影响和机制,及其对双氧水诱导的神经损伤的保护作用。方法 Western blot、RT-PCR和荧光素酶活性实验检测丙戊酸对小鼠和人脑红蛋白表达的影响;荧光素酶活性实验分析CREB在丙戊酸诱导脑红蛋白启动子活性过程中的作用;MTT实验分析丙戊酸对双氧水诱导的神经损伤的保护能力。结果发现丙戊酸上调小鼠和人脑红蛋白的蛋白和mRNA水平,并能上调脑红蛋白基因的启动子活性;CREB特异性抑制剂KG-501和CREB显性负突变体KCREB均抑制丙戊酸诱导脑红蛋白基因的启动子活性;丙戊酸可保护N2a神经瘤母细胞免受双氧水诱导的损伤。结论 CREB介导了丙戊酸诱导的脑红蛋白表达上调;脑红蛋白可能在丙戊酸保护N2a细胞免受氧化应激诱导的神经损伤过程中扮演重要作用。
