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国家自然科学基金(41101259)

作品数:6 被引量:47H指数:4
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^(137)Cs Finger Printing Technique for Erosion and Sedimentation Studies被引量:5
2012年
137 Cs is an artificial radionuclide with a half-life of 30.2 years,which was released into the environment as a byproduct of atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons during the period of 1950s to 1970s with a peak deposition in 1963.137 Cs fallout was strongly and rapidly adsorbed by soil particles when it deposited on the ground mostly with precipitation.Its following movements will associate with the adsorbed particles.137 Cs tracing technique has been widely used in soil erosion and sedimentation studies since 1980s.This paper introduces the basis of the technique and shows several case studies of assessment of soil erosion rates,investigation of sediment sources and dating of reservoir deposits by using the technique in the Loess Plateau and the Upper Yangtze River Basin.
LONG YiZHANG XinbaoWEN AnbangHE Xiubin
A comparison of measured ^(137)Cs and excess ^(210)Pb levels in the cultivated brown and cinnamon soils of the Yimeng Mountain area
2014年
This contribution analyzes the similarities and differences between the measured activities of 137Cs and excess 210Pb(210Pbex) in the cultivated brown and cinnamon soils of the Yimeng Mountain area, discusses the influence of soil texture on the measurement of 210Pbex, and presents differences between the two types of soils. Fields A and B were selected to represent the fields that contain cultivated brown and cinnamon soils, respectively. From either study field, one site of sectioned core and six bulk cores were collected to measure 137Cs levels, 210Pbex levels, and the particle-size composition of soil samples. Three undisturbed soil samples were collected to measure capillary and aeration porosities. The 137Cs inventories for the two study fields are very similar. The 137Cs is a man-made radionuclide, which means that its measured levels for soils are unaffected by soil texture. In contrast, levels of the naturally occurring 210Pbex of soils from Field A were lower than those of Field B by about 50%. In contrast to aquatic sediments, levels of 210Pbex in terrestrial surface soils are affected by the emanation of 222Rn from the soils. It can be assumed that the coarser the soils, the greater the emanation of 222Rn; in addition, the lower the measured 210Pbex, the greater the underestimate of this value. The cultivated brown soils in Field A are coarser than the cultivated cinnamon soils in Field B. As a result, 222Rn in Field A will diffuse more easily into the atmosphere than that in Field B. As a consequence, the measured 210Pbex in soils from Field A is much lower than the actual value, whereas the value measured for Field B is much closer to the actual value.
ZHANG YunqiLONG YiYU XingxiuAN Juan
关键词:活度测量褐土铯-137
中国湖泊沉积物^(137)Cs和^(210)Pb_(ex)断代的一些问题被引量:31
2012年
^(137)Cs和^(210)Pb_(ex)是湖泊沉积物断代常用的两种核素,沉积物中核素的深度分布,不但随核素的大气沉降量变化,也与流域环境变化和沉积后核素的再分布有关。我国环境复杂,人类活动强烈,^(137)Cs和^(21)Pb_(ex)深度分布的非理想曲线常见于我国一些湖泊的沉积物。本文简要介绍了湖泊沉积物^(137)Cs和^(21)Pb_(ex)深度分布理想曲线和断代基本原理,在参阅大量有关中国湖泊沉积物^(137)Cs和^(21)Pb_(ex)断代文献的基础上,讨论了^(137)Cs和^(21)Pb_(ex)非理想深度分布曲线的解译和沉积物断代的几个常见问题。主要观点如下:1)我国湖泊沉积物不存在所谓的1974年和1986年蓄积峰;2)一些湖泊沉积出现的非单峰型^(137)Cs深度分布曲线,可能与人类活动或湖流扰动湖泊底泥、流域侵蚀产沙环境变化和^(137)Cs主要来源于冰川融水补给等因素有关;3)沉积物中的核素垂向运移,不改变剖面中1963年^(137)Cs蓄积峰的位置,不影响其断代标志意义;4)流域环境突发事件引起的沉积剖面中的^(137)Cs和^(21)Pb_(ex)明显异常,是断代的可靠标志等。最后介绍了根据沉积剖面^(137)Cs和^(21)Pb_(ex)总量与本底值对比,求算沉积速率的核素质量平衡法。
张信宝龙翼文安邦贺秀斌
关键词:^137CS^210PBEX湖泊
A ^(210)Pb_(ex) mass balance model in cultivated soils in consideration of the radionuclide diffusion
2014年
The existing^(210)Pb_(ex)mass balance models for the assessment of cultivated soil erosion are based on an assumption that^(210)Pb_(ex)is quite evenly mixed within the plough layer.However,the amount of^(210)Pb_(ex)distributed in the soils below the plough depth,like a downward tail in the lower part of the^(210)Pb_(ex)profile,has been largely ignored.In fact,after the initial cultivation of undisturbed soils,^(210)Pb_(ex)will diffuse downward from plough layer to the plough pan layer due to the concentration gradient.Assuming^(210)Pb_(ex)inventory is constant,the depth distribution in the two layers of the cultivated soils will achieve a steady state after continuous cultivation for 10.37 years,when^(210)Pb_(ex)is evenly distributed in the soils of the plough layer with an exponential concentration decline with depth in the soils of the plough pan layer,and the^(210)Pb_(ex)concentration at any depth will be invariable with time.The work reported in this paper attempts to explain the formation of the^(210)Pb_(ex)tail in the soil profile below the plough depth by theoretical derivation of the^(210)Pb_(ex)depth distribution process in the two layers of the cultivated soils,propose a^(210)Pb_(ex)mass balance model considering^(210)Pb_(ex)diffusion based on the existing model,and discuss the influence of the^(210)Pb_(ex)tail to the existing model.
张云奇张信宝龙翼
关键词:耕地土壤放射性核素浓度梯度
农耕地土壤^(137)Cs与^(210)Pb_(ex)深度分布过程对比研究被引量:5
2012年
探讨了137Cs与210Pbex在农耕地土壤深度分布过程的差异。基于137Cs与210Pbex的不同沉降过程,考虑到核素由犁耕层向犁底层的扩散,对农耕地土壤137Cs、210Pbex的深度分布过程进行了理论推导,并以杨凌符家庄麦田剖面的实测数据予以验证,同时讨论了实测符家庄麦田剖面137Cs、210Pbex深度分布的规律特征及其原因,以此阐明了137Cs与210Pbex在农耕地土壤深度分布过程的差异。137Cs源于大气核试爆,没有持续沉降补充,犁耕层和犁底层土壤137Cs深度分布一直处于随时间变化的非稳定态;而210Pbex是天然核素,存在大气沉降的持续补充,犁耕层和犁底层土壤210Pbex深度分布最终呈稳定态。农耕地土壤137Cs、210Pbex深度分布的实测值曲线与理论值曲线的差异,尤其210Pbex,可能与耕作深度的变化历史或土地利用(覆被)变化有关。
张云奇张信宝龙翼贺秀斌于兴修
Using ^(137)Cs Tracing Methods to Estimate Soil Redistribution Rates and to Construct a Sediment Budget for a Small Agricultural Catchment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region,China被引量:7
2013年
Soil erosion and associated off-site sedimentation are threatening the sustainable use of the Three Gorges Dam. To initiate management intervention to reduce sediment yields, there is an increasing need for reliable information on soil erosion in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (TGRR). The purpose of this study is to use 137Cs tracing methods to construct a sediment budget for a small agricultural catchment in the TGRR. Cores were taken from a pond and from paddy fields, for laTCs measurements. The results show that the average sedimentation rate in the pond since 1963 is 1.50 g cm-2 yr-1 and the corresponding amount of sediment deposited is 1,553 t. The surface erosion rate for the sloping cultivated lands and the sedimentation rate in the paddy fields were estimated to be 3,770 t km-2 yr-1 and 2,600 t km-2 yr^1 respectively. Based on the estimated erosion and deposition rates, and the area of each unit, the post 197o sediment budget for the catchment has been constructed. A sediment delivery ratio of 0.5 has been estimated for the past 42 years. The data indicate that the sloping cultivated lands are the primary sediment source areas, and that the paddy fields are deposition zones. The typical land use pattern (with the upper parts characterized by sloping cultivated land and the lower parts by paddy fields) plays an important role in reducing sediment yield from agricultural catchments in the TGRR. A 137Cs profile for the sediment deposited in a pond is shownto provide an effective means of estimating the land surface erosion rate in the upstream catchment.
JU LiWEN An-bangLONG YiYAN Dong-chunGUO Jin
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