In laser-arc double-sided welding, the spectral characteristics of the arc plasma are calculated and analyzed by spectroscopic diagnosis. The results show that, compared with conventional tungsten inert gas （TIG） welding, the introduction of a laser cilanges the physical characteristics of the arc plasma regardless of whether laser plasma penetration takes place, and that the influence of the laser mainly affects the near-anode region of the arc. When tile laser power is relatively low, the arc column tends to compress, and the arc spectral cilaracter- istics show no significant difference. When the arc root constricts, compared with pure TIG arc, the electron density increases by ~2.7 times and the electron temperature decreases by ~3000 K. When the arc column expands, the intensities of spectral lines of both the metal and Ar atoms are the strongest. But it is also observed that the electron density reduces, whereas there is no obvious decrease of electron temperature.
为了阐释铝合金激光-电弧双面焊激光稳定、压缩电弧的物理机理,采用对比试验的研究方法和红外测温、电弧光谱分析的技术手段,分析激光对电弧作用的物理本质。结果表明,在激光匙孔未穿透条件下,激光形成的大梯度温度场为电弧提供阳极斑点是铝合金激光-电弧双面焊电弧稳定、收缩的根本原因,高能量密度的激光热源和高热导率的材料二者不可或缺;而在激光匙孔穿透条件下,光谱分析显示常规钨极惰性气体保护(Tungsten inert gas arc,TIG)焊电弧的Ar谱线强度最高,不锈钢激光-电弧双面焊电弧次之,而铝合金激光-电弧双面焊电弧Ar谱线最弱,这表明铝合金较高的饱和蒸汽压使得激光在匙孔底部产生较多的激光等离子体,为电弧提供了更加容易的导电通道,因而电弧弧根作用于此。
