提出了一种改进的FY-2E红外通道"晴空区"水汽信息提取算法——二次差分法,即在对红外分裂窗云掩图进行分裂窗差分的基础上再进行时间差分处理,或者先进行时间差分后再进行分裂窗差分处理。该方法能减弱晴空区地表温度变化对水汽信息提取的干扰,从而有助于获得水汽团的纹理及其移动信息。实验结果表明,应用该方法可以更加有效地追踪红外通道"晴空区"水汽微弱示踪信号的移动,获得传统云导风方法所无法得到的晴空水汽含量高值区风场信息,且晴空风矢与NCEP(national centers for environmental prediction)再分析资料级低空风场有着很好的一致性。
Based on data collected during the first U.S. Department of Energy （DOE） Atmospheric Radiation Measurement （ARM） field campaigns at Shouxian, east- ern China in 2008, the effects of clouds and aerosols on the surface radiation budget during the period Octo- ber-December 2008 were studied. The results revealed that the largest longwave （LW）, shortwave （SW）, and net Aerosol Radiative Effects （AREs） are 12.7, -37.6, and -24.9 W rn-2, indicating that aerosols have LW warming impact, a strong SW cooling effect, and a net cooling ef- fect on the surface radiation budget at Shouxian during the study period 15 October-15 December 2008. The SW cloud radiative forcing （CRF） is -135.1 W m-2, much cooler than ARE （about 3.6 times）, however, the LW CRF is 43.6 W m 2, much warmer than ARE, and resulting in a net CRF of-91.5 W m-2, about 3.7 times of net ARE. These results suggest that the clouds have much stronger LW warming effect and SW cooling effect on the surface radiation budget than AREs. The net surface radiation budget is dominated by SW cooling effect for both ARE and CRE. Furthermore, the precipitatable clouds （PCs） have the largest SW cooling effect and LW warming ef- fect, while optically thin high clouds have the smallest cooling effect and LW warming on the surface radiation budget. Comparing the two selected caseds, CloudSat cloud radar reflectivity agrees very well with the AMF （ARM Mobile Facility） WACR （W-band ARM Cloud Radar） measurements, particularly for cirrus cloud case. These result will provide a ground truth to validate the model simulations in the future.
