耳廓旋转角的测量结果与头部初始位置有关,不同的耳廓旋转角测量方法可能影响个性化头相关传输函数(HRTF)的仰角分布特性.文中分别采用面部垂直参考面和法兰克福水平参考面测量并比较了60名受试者的耳廓旋转角,发现两种方法所得均值相差5°左右.为了分析耳廓旋转角对个性化HRTF空间分布的影响,将一个左耳廓在同一个椭球上按5°间隔旋转,得到耳廓旋转角分别为16°、11°和6°的3个计算模型.然后,用快速多极边界元方法(FM-BEM)计算分析了3个耦合模型的HRTF数据.结果表明:不同耳廓旋转角条件下,HRTF的耳廓高频谷点的频率差异可以达到约1.0 k Hz,某些角度的谷点幅度差异可达到约10 d B.最后,用空间坐标变换方法定制不同耳廓旋转角的个性化HRTF,结果表明,定制HRTF的耳廓谷点频率和幅度与直接通过数值计算的HRTF基本吻合,证明个性化耳廓旋转角定制方法有效.
To evaluate the overall effect of the neck and torso on the head-related transfer function(HRTF),a simplified head-neck-torso(HNT)model,which consists of a spherical head,spherical torso and cylindrical neck,is proposed and the corresponding HRTFs are calculated using the boundary element method(BEM).The results indicate that the HRTF magnitudes for the HNT model are different from those of the existing spherical head-and-torso model(HAT)above 0.5 kHz,especially in the near-field and contralateral region.The discrepancy in the HRTF magnitudes leads to a discrepancy in the interaural level differences(ILDs)for the HNT and HAT models,which reaches a level of-l0dB at source distance of 0.2m.As the source distance increases,the discrepancy in the results of the HNT and HAT models reduces.Measurement on practical HNT and HAT models validates the analysis.Therefore,the neck influences near-field HRTFs and should be included in the near-field HRTF calculation.
Near-field head-related transfer functions （HRTFs） are essential to scientific re- searches of binaural hearing and practical applications of virtual auditory display. High ef- ficiency, accuracy and repeatability are required in a near-field HRTF measurement. Hence, there is no reference which intents on solving the measuring difficulties of near-field HRTF for human subjects. In present work, an efficient near-field HRTF measurement system based on computer control is designed and implemented, and a fast calibration method for the system is proposed to first solve the measurement of near-field HRTF for human subjects. The efficiency of measurement is enhanced by a comprehensive design on the acoustic, electronic and mechanical parts of the system. And the accuracy and repeatability of the measurement are greatly im- proved by carefully calibrating the positions of sound source, subject and binaural microphones. This system is suitable for near-field HRTF measurement at various source distances within 1.0 m, for both human subject and artificial head. The time costs of HRTF measurement at a single sound source distance and full directions has been reduced to less than 20 minutes. The measurement results indicate that the accuracy of the system satisfies the actual requirements. The system is applicable to scientific research and can be used to establish an individualized near-field HRTF database for human subjects.
