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国家自然科学基金(41375138)

作品数:15 被引量:96H指数:6
相关作者:牛生杰张悦樊曙先吕晶晶周悦更多>>
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15 条 记 录,以下是 1-10
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沙尘影响下海雾过程气溶胶和雾水组分特征被引量:1
2016年
对2010年3月广东湛江东海岛海雾外场观测试验中获得的雾水样本和气溶胶资料进行分析,研究了海雾中气溶胶和雾水组分的特性以及沙尘过程对其演变的影响。结果表明:东海岛的气溶胶数浓度比内陆城市低1个数量级,环境相对清洁,其早晚的峰值明显,午后存在一个低值。气溶胶谱呈单峰分布,峰值半径为0.02~0.1μm。雾日的气溶胶数浓度明显低于非雾日,最大值分别集中在0.05~0.1μm和0.1~0.5μm。雾过程开始后气溶胶数密度下降,尤其是小粒子端数密度减少显著;雾过程结束后气溶胶数密度会恢复到正常数值。受沙尘影响的过程中雾水中Ca2+和Mg2+明显增加,气溶胶粒子谱拓宽,直径大于1μm的气溶胶数密度高于其他雾过程;沙尘过境后气溶胶谱变窄,数密度显著减少,离子浓度较低。
岳岩裕牛生杰
关键词:气溶胶雾水离子浓度沙尘
南京冬季雾霾及其转化过程中气象因子影响的观测研究
本文利用2013年12月-2014年1月期间的Micaps资料,以及南京冬季雾霾天气综合观测期间获取的自动站、激光雷达等雾霾天气观测资料,探讨了南京冬季雾霾过程的演变规律,在此基础上研究了热力因子和动力因子对雾/霾及其转...
张舒婷; 牛生杰; 吕晶晶; 周悦;
关键词:动力因子
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Particle size distribution and characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during a heavy haze episode in Nanjing,China被引量:16
2015年
A heavy haze episode caused by agricultural burning occurred in Nanjing from November 7 to November 8, 2009. PM10 samples were collected on normal and hazy days from November I to November 14, 2009 at both city and suburban sites of Nanjing. Sixteen PAHs were measured during the day and at night. The results show that the concentrations of the particles were as high as 579.55 and 573.43 μg/m^3 during the haze episode at the city and suburban sites, respectively, 3-4 times higher than those on a normal day. The proportions of fine particles during the haze episode were also higher than those on a normal day. The changes in the concentrations of PAHs were in accordance with the concentrations of the particles. High- molecular-weight PAHs composed approximately 80% of the total PAHs on normal days and during the haze episode. The concentration of PAHs in fine fractions significantly increased during the haze episode, and this increase was most obvious at night at the city site, The proportion of total carcinogenic PAHs in fine particles was relatively high during the haze episode at both sampling sites, particularly at night at the city site.
Qingzi MengShuxian FanJiabao HeJian ZhangYu SunYue ZhangFan Zu
关键词:NANJING
湖北省冻雨天气特征及其判定方法研究被引量:3
2016年
利用常规地面气象站多时次气象要素和天气现象观测资料,以及武汉、宜昌和恩施的探空资料,对1998—2014年湖北地区冻雨天气的主要环流背景进行了分析,归纳了冻雨发生发展过程的气象要素和大气层结特征,给出了基于正负能量面积的冻雨发生定量化判断方法。结果表明:乌山阻高型和贝湖阻高型是导致湖北省出现冻雨天气的两种主要天气形势;2005年和2月是冻雨主要发生的年份和月份;共存在3种典型的气温层结演变特征,其中"暖雨-冻雨-固态"的气温层结演变最易导致持续时间长、影响范围大的冻雨天气;基于正负能量面积的冻雨判定方法为:3层层结时,正能量面积(ASP)小于80℃·hPa,负能量面积(A_(SN))小于400℃·hPa,且正负能量关系为(5.71ASP-257.14)≤ASN≤(6.25ASP+200);2层层结时,ASP为350-650℃·hPa,AS)为200-400℃·hPa,且正负能量关系为(ASP-350)≤ASN)≤(ASP-100)。
周悦许冠宇高正旭杨加仑
关键词:冻雨温度层结逆温
The Influences of Macro- and Microphysical Characteristics of Sea-Fog on Fog-Water Chemical Composition被引量:4
2014年
ABSTRACT During a sea-fog field observation campaign on Donghai Island in the spring of 2011, fog-water, visibility, meteorological elements, and fog droplet spectra were measured. The main cations and anions in 191 fog-water samples were Na+, NH2, H+, NO3, C1- and SO] , and the average concentrations of cations and anions were 2630 and 2970 p-eq L 1, respectively. The concentrations of Na+ and C1- originated from the ocean were high. The enhancement of anthropogenic pollution might have contributed to the high concentration of NH+, H+, and NO^-3. The average values ofpH and electrical conductivity (EC) were 3.34 and 505 uS cm-1, respectively, with a negative correlation between them. Cold fronts associated with cyclonic circulations promoted the decline of ion loadings. Air masses from coastal areas had the highest ion loadings, contrary to those from the sea. The ranges of wind speed, wind direction and temperature corresponding to the maximum total ion concentration (TIC) were 3.5-4 m s-1, 79°-90° and 21°C-22°C, respectively. In view of the low correlation coefficients, a new parameter Lr was proposed as a predictive parameter for TIC and the correlation coefficient increased to 0.74. Based on aerosol concentrations during the sea-fog cases in 2010, we confirmed that fog-water chemical composition also depended on the species and sizes of aerosol particles. When a dust storm passed through Donghai Island, the number concentration of large aerosol particles (with diameter 〉 1 p-m) increased. This caused the ratio of CaZ+/Na+ in fog-water to increase significantly.
YUE YanyuNIU ShengjieZHAO LijuanZHANG YuXU Feng
关键词:AEROSOL
南京2013年冬季三级分粒径雾水化学特征被引量:8
2015年
为研究南京冬季不同粒径雾滴的化学成分的特征,利用three-stage CASCC主动式分档雾水采集器,于2013年12月7日~12月9日南京郊区发生浓雾期间,分时段采集三级分档雾水样本,分档粒径为4~16μm(三级)、16~22μm(二级)、〉22μm(一级),共计23个分档雾水样本;用瑞士万通850professional IC型色谱仪器测定水溶性阴、阳离子浓度,分析探讨了三级分粒径雾水中阴、阳离子组分的分布特征,不同粒径雾滴中阴、阳离子浓度的相关性,雾水离子浓度与污染气体以及微物理之间的关系.结果表明,南京雾水的p H值多呈酸性,雾水中的各离子成分分布都与雾滴的大小存在着尺度依赖性关系,小雾滴与大雾滴相比,小雾滴中主要离子成分浓度(NH4+,NO3-,SO42-)高、p H值小且电导率(EC)值高.同时南京雾水中的各离子浓度呈现出夜间高白天低.统计分析显示,南京雾过程中雾水组分的变化,主要源于污染源的贡献差异.结合雾滴谱和污染气体资料分析得出,雾水化学组成的变化与微物理特征以及空气中污染气体有关。
孙玉樊曙先张健张悦孟庆紫何佳宝李一
关键词:微物理特征
Observational Study on the Supercooled Fog Droplet Spectrum Distribution and Icing Accumulation Mechanism in Lushan, Southeast China被引量:4
2019年
A fog monitor, hotplate total precipitation sensor, weather identifier and visibility sensor, ultrasonic wind speed meter,an icing gradient observation frame, and an automated weather station were involved in the observations at the Lushan Meteorological Bureau of Jiangxi Province, China. In this study, for the icing process under a cold surge from 20–25 January2016, the duration, frequency, and spectrum distribution of agglomerate fog were analyzed. The effects of rain, snow, and supercooled fog on icing growth were studied and the icing and meteorological conditions at two heights(10 m and 1.5 m)were compared. There were 218 agglomerate fogs in this icing process, of which agglomerate fogs with durations less than and greater than 10 min accounted for 91.3% and 8.7%, respectively. The average time interval was 10.3 min. The fog droplet number concentration for sizes 2–15 μm and 30–50 μm increased during rainfall, and that for 2–27 μm decreased during snowfall. Icing grew rapidly(1.3 mm h-1) in the freezing rain phase but slowly(0.1 mm h-1) during the dry snow phase. Intensive supercooled fog, lower temperatures and increased wind speed all favored icing growth during dry snow(0.5 mm h-1). There were significant differences in the thickness, duration, density, and growth mechanism of icing at the heights of 10 m and 1.5 m. Differences in temperature and wind speed between the two heights were the main reasons for the differences in icing conditions, which indicated that icing was strongly affected by height.
Tianshu WANGShengjie NIUJingjing LüYue ZHOU
利用三架飞机联合探测资料分析层积混合云催化物理效应被引量:9
2017年
利用2009年4月18日三架飞机联合探测层积混合云资料,结合MICAPS再分析资料、雷达、卫星及地面台站资料等,在准确区分自然云区与催化响应区的基础上,对这次降水性层积混合云的微结构和催化物理响应进行了深入研究。结果表明:云上部(4 800 m层,距云顶1 700 m,距云底3 000 m)累积了云中大部分的过冷水,是云内发展强盛区;云上部嵌入式积云区温度低于周围层云区2℃,积云区含水量分布不均,最大值为1.5 g/m^3,标准差为0.4 g/m^3,而层云区含水量最大值和标准差分别为0.6 g/m^3和0.15 g/m^3,积云区和层云区的云滴谱峰值直径分别为25μm和15μm,云滴数浓度的量级分别为102cm-3和101cm-3。对催化云而言,此次联合探测在4 800 m层捕捉到嵌入式积云区的催化响应,人工播撒Ag I会促进该层云的消散过程,催化后1 h内云区占比由71%降至13%,云中液态含水量持续减少且趋于均匀分布,催化后10 min与20 min云中含水量的最大值分别为1.0 g/m^3和1.5 g/m^3,标准差为0.3 g/m^3和0.15 g/m^3,凇附与聚合增长为主要冰相微物理过程,云滴谱先变窄,后因H-M冰晶凇附繁生而拓宽;在云的中下层则受上层催化影响而产生旺盛云区,10 min内该层云区范围显著扩大,云滴及冰相粒子尺度均增加一倍,同时旺盛云区自上而下扩展。
王元牛生杰雷恒池
ANALYSIS OF THE MICROPHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF RADIATION FOG IN XUANEN MOUNTAINOUS REGION OF HUBEI,CHINA被引量:1
2017年
Based on data of radiation fog events in Xuanen, Hubei province, 2010, this paper analyzes the microphysical process and evolution characteristics of radiation fogs with complicated substrate in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and compares them with findings in other areas. Results are as follows: radiation fog in Xuanen is evidently weaker in droplet number concentration and liquid water content than land fogs in other areas. Its liquid water content fluctuates obviously, 0.01g/m3 with visibility of 1,000 meters, which is quite different from that in urban areas, but similar to the Nanling Mountains. Bi-modal droplet distribution is likely to occur in Xuanen mountain radiation fog(MRF) events. Statistical analysis shows that the observed droplet size distribution can be piecewise described well by the Gamma distribution. There is a positive correlation between liquid water content, fog droplet concentration and mean radius, especially in the development and dissipation stage. Condensation growth and droplet evaporation are major processes of Xuanen MRF. The dissipation time coincided with the time when the grass temperature reached the peak value, which indicated that dew evaporation is a key role in maintaining Xuanen MRF. In the early stage of dense fog's growth, droplets with diameter of over 20 micrometers can be observed with visibility of800-1,000 m, which might be caused by the transportation of low cloud droplets to earth's surface by turbulence. Big droplets in the initial stage correspond to higher water content, leading to the higher observed value of water content of Xuanen MRF.
费冬冬牛生杰杨军
庐山一次积冰天气过程冻雨滴谱及下落末速度物理特征研究
利用PARSIVEL激光雨滴谱、自动气象站和MICAPS数据,分析了2014年2月7日至2月15日庐山地区一次积冰天气过程内维持时间在5h以上的2次冻雨个例宏微观特征:2月10日(个例1)和2月13日(个例2),并对其冻...
黄钦牛生杰吕晶晶周悦张小鹏
关键词:冻雨冬季降水
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