Using the glucose and L-glutamic-acid to prepare the standard substance according to the ratio of 1:1, and the artificial seawater and the standard substance to prepare a series of standard solutions, the distribution pattern of uncertainty in measurement of seawater COD is obtained based on the measured results of the series of standard solutions by the potassium iodide-alkaline potassium permanganate determination method. The distribution pattern is as follows: Uncertainty in measurement is big and not constant at the high end, but small and constant at the low end.