[Objective] This study aimed to explore the effects of continuous application of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer under double rice cropping system. [Method] By modeling three types of paddy soils in Dong-Ting Lake area, four treatments as no fertilizer （CK）, urea, controlled release nitrogen fertilizer （CRNF） and 70% controlled release nitrogen fertilizer （70% CRNF） were designed in the micro-plot trials from 2005 to 2008. [Result] The rice yield in treatment CRNF at N 150 kg/hm2 was increased by 10.3%, 8.0% and 2.4% compared with treatment of urea, in alluvial sandy loamy paddy soil （ALS）, purple calcareous clayey paddy soil （PCS）, and reddish yellow loamy paddy soil （RYS）, respectively; and the yield in treatment of 70% CRNF was increased by 6.1%, 2.6% and -0.8%, respectively. The ranking order of nitrogen uptake amount by plant in early rice and late rice was CRNF 70% CRNF urea CK in all three types of soil. Nitrogen utilization efficiency of CRNF in above three types of soil was 60.7%, 59.6% and 56.3%, increased by 23.8%, 19.4% and 16.3% compared with that in treatment of urea, respectively. Nitrogen utilization efficiency of CRNF in early rice was increased year by year, and was higher than that of 70% CRNF during the whole experiment stage, while that in late rice was increased first and then decreased from the 3rd year. [Conclusion] Continuous application CRNF could alleviate the decreasing of soil nitrogen fertility and organic carbon especially in ALS, increase rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency in double-rice cropping system.
Ordinary high nitrogen fertilizer often results in nitrate (NO3--N) leaching and low recovery. Microplot and field plot experiments were conducted to determine the effect of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer (CRNF) on reco very and nitrate leaching on paddy soils. During two early rice cropping seasons (2002 and 2003), a single basal application of CRNF at 90 kg N ha-1 increased grain yields by 7.7%to 11.6%compared with two applications of urea. Estimated by the difference method fertilizer N recovery of CRNF (mean 76.3%) was 38.9 pe rcentage point higher than that of urea (mean 37.4%); estimated by 15N isotope method (mean 49.6%) CRNF (mean 67.1%) was 35.9 percentage point higher than ur ea (mean 31.2%). NO3--N leaching losses were 9.19 and 6.70 kg ha-1 for urea and CRNF, respectively. NO3--N leaching during the early rice cropping season was 27.1 %lower from CRNF than from two applications of urea. These losses repr esent 10.2%and 7.4%of applied urea-N and CRNF-N. Results from this study ind icate that CRNF improves N recovery and reduces NO3--N leaching and increases rice yield.
研究了在丘陵生态区和洞庭湖生态区稻-稻种植制度中钾肥对水稻产量和钾肥效应及钾素平衡的影响。结果表明,在施钾量为0、112.5、150和187.5K2O kg hm-2的条件下,在丘陵生态区红黄泥田上,150K2O kg hm-2的施钾水平已达到较高的产量;洞庭湖生态区的紫潮泥田中缓效钾与速效钾含量均较高,目前施钾效应不明显。两种类型生态区土壤上施用氮肥的增产效果明显地大于施用钾肥。丘陵生态区红黄泥田上的3个施钾处理两季水稻吸收来自肥料钾的百分数比例均高于洞庭湖生态区的紫潮泥田。丘陵生态区红黄泥田上的3个施钾处理早稻钾素利用率平均为35.0%,晚稻为51.8%;洞庭湖生态区紫潮泥的3个施钾处理早稻钾素利用率平均为27.1%,晚稻为42.6%。肥料氮的利用率随钾肥施用量的增加而提高,这一趋势在晚稻上更为明显。在每季水稻施钾量为112.5、150、187.5 K2Okg hm-2的条件下,钾素平衡出现亏缺。在早稻施氮量165N kg hm-2(丘陵生态区),150N kg hm-2(洞庭湖生态区)和晚稻施氮量180N kg hm-2的条件下,两种类型生态区土壤上的氮素平衡中氮均出现盈余,且氮素盈余量随钾肥用量的增加而下降。
