Objective To investigate the value of the measurement of urinary hyaluronic acid (HA) levels for the diagnosis of bladder cancer and the possibility of replacing ELISA-like assay with radioimmunoassay to detect the levels of urinary HA. Methods Using the ELISA-like assay and radioimmunoassay at the same time to measure the HA levels in the urine specimens from 49 bladder cancer patients, 12 benign bladder tumor patients, 30 other genitourinary disease patients and 20 normal controls. Results There is not much difference between the consequences of the urinary HA levels whether we used the ELISA-like assay or radioimmunoassay to detect every specimen (P>0.05). When we used the results with radioimmunoassay for analysis, we found the levels of urinary HA of bladder cancer patients were 2–4 times than those of the benign bladder tumor patients, other genitourinary disease patients or normal individuals (P<0.01); With 137.5 ngHA/mg protein (113.6±23.9 ng/mg) as a minimum cutoff limit, this assay had a good sensitivity (91.8%) and specificity (91.9%) for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. Its difference in sensitivity meant a lot when compared with urine cytology (48.9%,P<0.01). Conclusion The urinary HA assay is a simple, convenient, noninvasive credible and cheap method with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma; radioimmunoassay is also a good means to measure the urinary HA levels. Key words Bladder carcinoma - Hyaluronic acid - Urine
目的研究完全去神经支配对大鼠良性增生前列腺的影响。方法 30周龄雄性自发性高血压大鼠65只,随机分配为手术组(n=30)、手术对照组(n=30)和正常对照组(n=5)。手术组切断大鼠双侧盆腔主要神经节发出至前列腺的全部神经纤维,再行膀胱造口术;手术对照组仅行膀胱造口术。分别于术后3、7、11、15、≥21 d 分批处死大鼠,观察前列腺大体形态学、组织学和细胞学改变。结果手术组大鼠前列腺术后3 d 出现颗粒状实变和体积缩小,并进行性发展。前列腺湿重/大鼠体重比值随术后时间的延长进行性下降,而前列腺组织干重/湿重比值进行性升高。HE 染色显示腺腔扩张,腺上皮层、平滑肌进行性变薄,最后消失,间质成分逐步增生。透射电镜显示腺细胞空泡变性、基底膜结构模糊、平滑肌细胞变性、间质中纤维母细胞及胶原纤维增生进行性加重;后期腺细胞大部分坏死、崩解,基底膜及平滑肌细胞消失,胶原纤维高度增生。神经纤维染色显示术后3 d 出现S100染色弥散,11 d 后染色消失。而手术对照组无上述相应病理改变。结论彻底失神经支配后大鼠良性增生的前列腺发生了极为显著的萎缩性改变,提示去神经支配可能是治疗良性前列腺增生的新思路。