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烟嘧磺隆和氟乐灵对三种纤毛虫种群动态的影响
2025年
为探究烟嘧磺隆和氟乐灵对三种自由生纤毛虫种群生长的影响,本实验以扇形游仆虫(Euplotes vannus)、海洋尾丝虫(Uronema marinum)、肉色伪角毛虫(Pseudokeronopsis carnea)为研究对象,研究在不同药物浓度下其种群内禀生长率、世代时间以及种群密度的变化。研究表明:10.0 mg/L的烟嘧磺隆和10.0 mg/L的氟乐灵对扇形游仆虫的种群生长的抑制作用最明显。烟嘧磺隆和氟乐灵的作用浓度分别为6.5和5.5 mg/L时,海洋尾丝虫的最大种群密度显著低于对照组,分别为(7.87±1.11)×10^(5) ind./L和(1.37±0.23)×10^(6) ind./L,种群生长受到显著抑制,海洋尾丝虫实验组的种群内禀生长率和世代时间与对照组相比差异极显著(P<0.01)。随着烟嘧磺隆和氟乐灵作用浓度的升高,肉色伪角毛虫的种群内禀生长率呈下降趋势,世代时间呈上升趋势。研究结果表明,三种纤毛虫中受烟嘧磺隆影响最明显的是海洋尾丝虫,受氟乐灵影响最明显的是肉色伪角毛虫,在高浓度下,两种药物均明显抑制了三种纤毛虫的种群生长。
刘家乐齐红莉李安琪
关键词:烟嘧磺隆氟乐灵种群生长
New insights and investigation:Morphomolecular notes on the infraciliature,taxonomy,and systematics of pleurostomatid ciliates(Protozoa,Ciliophora),with establishment of a new suborder,two new genera,and three new species
2024年
Pleurostomatid ciliates,as a highly diverse and widely distributed unicellular eukaryote group,play a crucial role in the cycling of nutrients and energy in microbial food webs.However,research on pleurostomatids remains insufficient,resulting in a paucity of molecular information and substantial gaps in knowledge of their phylogenetic relationships.In recent years,we investigated pleurostomatid diversity in various Chinese habitats,including their systematic relationships and taxonomic circumscriptions,which were comprehensively analyzed using an integrative morphomolecular approach.Results revealed that:(1)pleurostomatids can be categorized into two suborders,Protolitonotina subord.nov.and Amphileptina Jankowski,1967;(2)Protolitonotina subord.nov.represents the ancestral pleurostomatid group and includes two genera,Protolitonotus and Heterolitonotus gen.nov.,characterized by right kineties progressively shortened along rightmost full kineties and absence of a left dorsolateral kinety;(3)Heterolitonotus gen.nov.represents an orphan lineage and is defined by an oral slit extending to its dorsal margin;(4)“Protolitonotus clampi”does not group with congeners but instead represents an orphan lineage,thus Novilitonotus gen.nov.is established to which P.clampi is transferred as Novilitonotus clampi comb.nov.;(5)three new species,Apoamphileptus paraclaparedii sp.nov.,Heterolitonotus rex gen.nov.,sp.nov.,and Loxophyllum apohelus sp.nov.,are described;and(6)helices 21es6a to 21es6d within the V4 region of small subunit ribosomal RNA(SSU rRNA)may serve as a useful tool for discriminating pleurostomatids.The evolutionary relationships among all main lineages of pleurostomatids are discussed and a key to the identification of pleurostomatid genera is provided.
Gong-Ao-Te ZhangTeng-Yue ZhangYong ChiHong-Bo PanZhe ZhangJia-Chen ZhangJun-Hua NiuHong-Gang MaKhaled A.S.Al-RasheidAlan WarrenWei-Bo Song
关键词:CILIATES
The genome-wide meiotic recombination landscape in ciliates and its implications for crossover regulation and genome evolution被引量:1
2024年
Meiotic recombination is essential for sexual reproduction and its regulation has been extensively studied in many taxa.However,genome-wide recombination landscape has not been reported in ciliates and it remains unknown how it is affected by the unique features of ciliates:the synaptonemal complex(SC)-independent meiosis and the nuclear dimorphism.Here,we show the recombination landscape in the model ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila by analyzing single-nucleotide polymorphism datasets from 38 hybrid progeny.We detect 1021 crossover(CO)events(35.8 per meiosis),corresponding to an overall CO rate of 9.9 cM/Mb.However,gene conversion by non-crossover is rare(1.03 per meiosis)and not biased towards G or C alleles.Consistent with the reported roles of SC in CO interference,we find no obvious sign of CO interference.CO tends to occur within germ-soma common genomic regions and many of the 44 identified CO hotspots localize at the centromeric or subtelomeric regions.Gene ontology analyses show that CO hotspots are strongly associated with genes responding to environmental changes.We discuss these results with respect to how nuclear dimorphism has potentially driven the formation of the observed recombination landscape to facilitate environmental adaptation and the sharing of machinery among meiotic and somatic recombination.
Lu FuChen GuKazufumi MochizukiJie XiongWei MiaoGuangying Wang
关键词:HOTSPOT
瘤胃纤毛虫体外培养技术研究进展
2024年
瘤胃纤毛虫是一类主要生活在反刍动物瘤胃内的单细胞真核微生物,可能在瘤胃高效降解植物纤维、调节瘤胃发酵速率和参与瘤胃温室气体甲烷产生等方面具有重要作用。深入探究瘤胃纤毛虫的功能及其对宿主的影响,实现其体外培养是一项不可或缺的技术手段。综述了瘤胃纤毛虫体外培养技术研究进展,首先介绍了瘤胃纤毛虫体外培养的国内外研究现状,然后概述了影响瘤胃纤毛虫体外培养的因素,最后指出建立的瘤胃纤毛虫体外培养体系的应用及前景,为建立稳定可控的瘤胃纤毛虫体外单种生长与增殖培养体系提供参考。
徐勤辉何金英陆源鸿彭成鲁小悦杨紫贤熊杰姜传奇缪炜冯金梅
关键词:瘤胃纤毛虫体外培养
腹毛亚纲纤毛虫三个中国新记录种和一个罕见种的形态学研究
2024年
利用活体观察及现代染色方法对采集自陕西和广西的三个腹毛亚纲纤毛虫中国新记录种及一个罕见种——阿氏澳纤虫Australocirrus aspoecki(罕见种)、寡毛侧毛虫Pleurotricha oligocirrata、陆生陆生半小双虫Hemiamphisiella terricola terricola和藓生拟列虫Paraholosticha muscicola的形态学特征进行了研究并与以往报道种群做了详细的比较。研究发现:(1)阿氏澳纤虫个体大小小于以往报道种群,小核、背触毛列、口围带小膜,左右缘棘毛数目均少于以往报道种群;(2)寡毛侧毛虫的中国种群比已报道的韩国种群的口围带小膜数目少,但额腹棘毛数略多;(3)陆生陆生半小双虫中国种群形态特征与前人报道的奥地利种群(模式种群)和澳大利亚种群比较接近,与斐济种群的小双虫棘毛列棘毛数、右腹棘毛列棘毛数、左缘棘毛数和右缘棘毛数差异较大;(4)藓生拟列虫的中国种群的形态统计数据与以往报道种群有较大差异,但活体特征差异较小。研究同时提供了以上4个物种的SSU rDNA序列,并与同物种其他种群、同属物种及分子亲缘种进行了序列相似性和核苷酸差异数目的比较。研究为中国腹毛亚纲纤毛虫的多样性、形态资源和种质资源的记录进行了积累和补充。
李平常剑波寇晓梅侯晓鹏邵晨牛乐
关键词:形态学中国新记录
Taxonomy of Two New Peritrich Ciliates(Protozoa:Ciliophora)from Inland Saltwaters of China
2024年
The inland saltwater lakes harbor exceptional biodiversity.Here,two new species of solitary sessile peritrich ciliates were isolated from Qinghai Lake,the largest inland saltwater lake in China.Their morphology,ciliature,silverline system,and molecular phylogeny were investigated based on live observation,silver staining,and analysis of the small subunit ribosomal DNA(SSU rDNA).Vorticella paraglobosa sp.n.is characterized mainly by its obconical or elongate bell-shaped zooid,C-shaped macronucleus,single ventrally located contractile vacuole,two-rowed infundibular polykinety 3,and 28-38 silverlines between peristome and aboral tro-chal band and 10-15 between aboral trochal band and scopula.Vorticella cotyliformis sp.n.differs from its congeners mainly by its double-layered peristomial lip,cup-shaped zooid,J-shaped macronucleus,single ventrally positioned contractile vacuole,three-rowed infundibular polykinety 3,and 70-85 silverlines between peristome and aboral trochal band and 21-25 between aboral trochal band and scopula.The SSU rDNA sequences of the two new species were obtained,and the subsequent molecular phylogenetic analysis supported their taxonomic classification.
YU YingZHANG YongLIANG ZiyaoLI JiqiuLIN Xiaofeng
关键词:TAXONOMY
Exploring the biogeography,morphology,and phylogeny of the condylostomatid ciliates(Alveolata,Ciliophora,Heterotrichea),with establishment of four new Condylostoma species and a revision including redescriptions of five species found in China
2024年
Species of the ciliate class Heterotrichea Stein,1859 are a cosmopolitan group of unicellular eukaryotic microorganisms,many of which have been widely used as models in various fields of research such as regenerative biology,functional ecol-ogy,environmental toxicology,and symbiotic behavior.However,species identification in the heterotrich family Condylos-tomatidae,especially the most species-rich and type genus Condylostoma Bory de Saint-Vincent,1824,remains challenging due to incomplete original descriptions,few reliable distinguishing characters,and overlapping features between different species.This study presents an updated revision of Condylostoma and its related genus Condylostomides da Silva Neto,1994 based on descriptions of five species,including nine populations collected from China,using both morphological and molecular methods.The main findings are as follows:(1)43 nominal species and about 130 populations are reviewed,result-ing in the recognition of 30 valid species of Condylostoma and eight valid species of Condylostomides;(2)keys,synonyms,biogeographic distributions and amended/improved diagnoses of all valid species are provided;(3)based on the available data,four new Condylostoma species(C.marinum sp.nov.,C.petzi sp.nov.,C.villeneuvei sp.nov.,and C.microstomum sp.nov.),one new combination(Condylostomides minimus(Dragesco,1954)comb.nov.&nom.corr.),and two corrected names(Condylostoma ancestrale Villeneuve-Brachon,1940 nom.corr.and Condylostomides nigrus(Dragesco,1960)nom.corr.)are suggested;(4)cryptic species are detected and proposed for the first time to form the Condylostoma curvum spe-cies complex;(5)three highly confusing Condylostoma species,C.kris,C.spatiosum,and C.minutum,are redefined for the first time based on modern taxonomic methods;(6)a‘flagship’species,Condylostomides coeruleus,is recorded for the first time from the continent of Asia,substantially expanding its biogeography;(7)ciliature adjacent to the distal end of the paroral membrane within the family Condylostomatidae is
Yong ChiFan WeiDanxu TangChangjun MuHonggang MaZhe WangKhaled A.SAl-RasheidHunter N.HinesXiangrui Chen
关键词:PHYLOGENYREVISION
Morphology and molecular phylogeny of four epibiotic ciliates(Ciliophora,Peritrichia)from farmed red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii Girard,1852,with notes on the geographic distributions of related taxa
2024年
Aquaculture of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii is an emerging farming industry in China.As shown recently,one of the most significant diseases affecting the red swamp crayfish is caused by overabundance of epibiotic peritrichs,a group of ciliated protists that are commonly found living as epibionts on aquatic animals.Nevertheless,few studies focusing on this issue have been performed.As part of a faunal study carried out in the Lake Weishan Wetland,China,four colonial sessilid peritrichs,namely Epicarchesium granulatum,Epistylis bimarginata,Epistylis semiciculus,and Zoothamnium procerius,attached to P.clarkii are documented.For each species,redescriptions and improved diagnoses are supplied.As a further aid to identification,14 new rDNA sequences of these four and a closely related species were obtained.In addition,as an aid for future studies on epibiotic ciliates,we supply a list and information about recent integrative studies that document the geographic distributions of related taxa.
Tong WuYuan LiBorong LuDanxu TangShijing ZhangYan LiuYa WangXiao CaoSaleh A.Al-FarrajAlan WarrenWeibo SongZhe Wang
关键词:PERITRICHS
海水养殖水域纤毛虫多样性及其生态效应研究进展
2024年
加强对海水养殖生态系统的基本认知,揭示养殖活动的环境生态效应,是近年来海洋生态学研究关注的焦点之一。纤毛虫是海水养殖生态系统的重要组成部分,在健康养殖中发挥着重要的作用。本文针对当前国内外关于海水养殖中纤毛虫研究的进展进行综述,介绍了养殖水体中纤毛虫生物多样性、纤毛虫病害、养殖活动对纤毛虫的影响、纤毛虫对养殖环境的指示等;此外对已有研究的不足进行了归纳,对未来发展的趋势进行了展望,为深入认识纤毛虫在海水养殖中的生态角色,揭示海水养殖生态与环境效应研究提供借鉴和参考。
刘炜炜温少薇谭烨辉
关键词:纤毛虫海水养殖多样性水产病害
甘肃农田两种土壤纤毛虫形态学和细胞发生学
2023年
利用非淹没培养皿法、活体显微观察法和蛋白银染色法,对采自甘肃农田的2种土壤纤毛虫,即中华异拟片尾虫和殖口后殖口虫进行形态学和细胞发生学研究,揭示殖口后殖口虫横棘毛的来源.结果表明,中华异拟片尾虫在活体状态下呈长椭圆形,细胞质无色,具有深绿色皮层颗粒,两枚椭圆形大核,其细胞发生学主要特征:老口围带完整保留,被前仔虫所继承;6列额-腹-横棘毛原基以典型的1∶3∶3∶3∶4∶4模式分化棘毛;左、右缘棘毛原基分别由老结构反分化形成;背触毛发生为“拟片尾虫”模式.殖口后殖口虫在活体状态下呈披针型,两端稍尖,在虫体中部达到最宽,皮层颗粒缺失,其细胞发生学主要特征:老口围带完整保留,被前仔虫所继承;6列额-腹-横棘毛原基以1∶2∶2∶2∶4∶n模式形成棘毛;左、右缘棘毛原基缘分别由老结构反分化形成;背触毛原基发生为“殖口虫”模式.
杨怀印王春慧韩海峰王丽陈凌云宁应之
关键词:农田形态学

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