This work is a Taxonomic study based on genus Lawsonia L. in Tehama area, Albaha region—Saudi Arabia. It includes scientific description of the family Lythraceae and scientific classification of the species Lawsonia inermis L. The study aims to: 1) Identify Lawsonia inermis L. species in Tihama—Albaha region. 2) Determine the distribution and habits of the species Lawsonia inermis L. 3) Provide medicinal properties and local uses of Lawsonia inermis L. Botanical names and synonyms were updated. Vernacular names have been presented. Botanical description is determined depending on the vegetative of the plant. Flowers and fruits were characterized. The method was recorded due to Dr. Jacob Thomas, Herbarium Dept., College of Science, King Saud University [1]. Information about habitats and distribution was provided. The plant species has been illustrated by photos in its habitat. Chemical components, medicinal properties and local uses were included. The study revealed that Lawsonia inermis L. is widely spread throughout the study area and it has great medicinal importance, so it requires more comprehensive studies for identification. Therefore, more Biochemical studies on the effective chemical compounds are required for the medicinal importance of the plant. The results revealed that there were many medicinal properties and local uses of Lawsonia inermis L.
Rising global energy demand has encouraged engineers to create and design new methods to improve oil recovery from reservoirs.In this study,feasibility of using Henna extract as a natural surfactant and synthesized nanoparticles(Titanium dioxide(TiO2),Silicon dioxide(SiO2),Graphene and composite of TiO2-Graphene)for reduction of oil-water interfacial tension has been experimentally investigated.Nanoparticles were synthesized via sol-gel method and XRD,FESEM,EDAX and FTIR tests were conducted to confirm the authenticity of this synthesizing materials.Nano-surfactants were stabled with a natural water-based suspending surfactant called Tragacanth extract,which could be introduced as a practical substitute for industrial nanoparticles'stabilizers in oil industry.After CMC determination of Henna extract surfactant,the optimal concentration of Tragacanth extract surfactant,with the purpose of nano-surfactants’stabilization,was determined through particle size and zeta potential tests.Results of interfacial tension(IFT)measurements showed that the increase of Henna extract concentration from 0 wt%to 10 wt%reduced IFT between kerosene and water from 37.23 to 15.24 mN/m.Furthermore,adding 1 wt%of synthesized TiO2 nanoparticle to the Henna extract surfactant at its CMC value reduced IFT from 18.43 to 14.57 mN/m.As an impact of this significant reduction in IFT value,oil recovery factor could be improved drastically during EOR operations.Results proved that TiO2 nano-surfactant was as effective as industrial surfactants,which put human's and environment's health at risk and impose heavy economic strain on governments.
Green inhibitors are promising alternatives to toxic corrosion inhibitors as they are environmentally safe substances, ecologically acceptable and renewable. In this research, the effect of green henna as an inhibitor existing in the coating of TMSM-PMMA and its electrochemical study were analyzed. The coating was produced by “sol-gel” method in order to protect the corrosion of low-carbon steel. TMSM hybrid cell was synthesized by hydrolysis and condensation, Metaacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and Tetraetylorthosilicate with 1:1 molar ratio and PMMA hybrid cell was produced by Methylmetaacrylate polymerization. Finally two cells were mixed in 1:1 weight ratio. The carbon steel substrates were prepared by dip coating method. SEM technique was applied for the microstructure evaluation of thin layers including different concentrations of henna extract. Adhesion of coating was analyzed by “Pull off” test. Additionally, the experimental results obtained in different concentrations of henna extract using electrochemical methods such as tafel polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicating that coating with the concentration of 3% inhibitor had a high level of inhibition efficiency in 0.1 M HCL. The results of polarization tests signified that henna extract acts as a mixed inhibitor.
