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国家自然科学基金(30571444)

作品数:11 被引量:77H指数:7
相关作者:刘筠张纯刘少军陶敏孙远东更多>>
相关机构:湖南师范大学更多>>
发文基金:国家自然科学基金国家重点基础研究发展计划国家教育部博士点基金更多>>
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Formation and biological characterization of three new types of improved crucian carp被引量:9
2008年
The improved tetraploids (G1×AT) were obtained by distant crossing and gynogenesis and the high-body individuals accounted for 2% among G1×AT. After mating with each other, the high-body in- dividuals produced three kinds of bisexual fertile diploid fishes: high-body red crucian carp, high-body fork-like-tails goldfish and gray common carp. The high-body red crucian carp mating with each other formed three types of improved crucian carp (ICC) including improved red crucian carp (IRCC), im- proved color crucian carp (ICCC) and improved gray crucian carp (IGCC). The phenotypes, chromo- some numbers, gonadal structure and fertility of the three kinds of ICC and their offspring were observed. All the three kinds of ICC possessed some improved phenotypes such as higher body, smaller head and shorter tail. The ratios of the body height to body length of IRCC, ICCC and IGCC were 0.54, 0.51 and 0.54, respectively. All of them were obviously higher than that of red crucian carp 0.41 (P<0.01). Three kinds of ICC had the same chromosome number as red crucian carp with 100 chromosomes. All the ICC possessed normal gonads producing mature eggs or sperm, which was important for the production of an improved diploid population. Compared with red crucian carp, all the ICC had stronger fertility such as higher gametes production, higher fertilization rate and higher hatchery rate. Three types of improved diploid fish population were generated from the three kinds of ICC by self-crossing, respectively. The ICC can serve as ornamental fish and edible fish. They are also ideal parents to produce triploids by mating with tetraploids. The new ICC plays an important role in biological evolution and fish genetic breeding.
WANG Jing, QIN QinBo, CHEN Song, LIU ShaoJun, DUAN Wei, LIU JinHui, ZHANG Chun, LUO KaiKun, XIAO Jun & LIU Yun Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
关键词:IMPROVEDCARPCHARACTERMORPHOLOGICALTRAITSCHROMOSOME
The formation of improved tetraploid population of red crucian carp×common carp hybrids by androgenesis被引量:4
2007年
Bisexual fertile diploid androgenetic individuals(A_(0))(2n=100)were formed by androgenesis.In this way,the diploid spermatozoa from male allotetraploid hybrids(AT)(4n=200)of red crucian carp(Carassius auratus red var.)(♀)×common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)(♂)were used to fertilize the UV-treated hap-loid eggs of goldfish(Carassius auratus),and living androgenetic diploid fish were developed.The A_(0)became sexually mature at the age of 2 years,and they fertilized with each other to form their offspring(A_(1)).In this study,we observed the chromosomal number,gonadal structure and appearance of A_(1)fish.The results are as follows:(1)In A_(1),there were 85%tetraploids(A_(1)-4n),10%triploids(A_(1)-3n)and 5%diploids(A_(1)-2n),suggesting that diploid A_(0)could produce diploid gametes.It was concluded that the formation of diploid gametes generated from diploid A_(0)was probably related to the mechanism of pre-meiotic endoreduplication.(2)Among A_(1),only A_(1)-4n possessed normal ovaries and testes.The mature males of A_(1)-4n produced white semen.Under the electron microscope,the head of diploid sperm generated by A_(1)-4n was bigger than that of haploid sperm generated by red crucian carp.In the testes of the A_(1)-4n,there were many mature normal spermatozoa with a head bearing plasma mem-brane and a tail having the typical structure of"9+2"microtubules.Between the head and the tail,there were some mitochondria.The ovaries of A_(1)-4n developed well and mainly contained II,III and IV-stage oocytes.The IV-stage oocytes were surrounded by inner and outer follicular cells.The micropyle was observed on the oolemma of follicular cells.There were abundant yolks and plenty of endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm of IV-stage oocytes.Because A_(1)-2n and A_(1)-3n were distant crossing diploid hybrids and triploid hybrids respectively,they possessed abnormal gonads,and no mature semen and eggs were observed.(3)Compared with allotetraploids,the A_(1)-4n fish not only had advantages such as fast growth rate and strong re
DUAN WeiQIN QinBoCHEN SongLIU ShaoJunWANG JingZHANG ChunSUN YuanDongLIU Yun
关键词:DIPLOID
新型三倍体鲫鱼肌肉营养成分和氨基酸组成分析被引量:9
2006年
运用生物化学方法对新型三倍体鲫鱼及其父本异源四倍体鲫鲤和母本金鱼肌肉中的营养成分和氨基酸含量进行了定量分析.结果表明:新型三倍体鲫鱼肌肉中[干样(mg/g)]氨基酸总含量为102.35,人体必需氨基酸(EAA)(Thr,Val,Met,Ile,Leu,Phe,Lys,Trp)含量为45.20,占氨基酸总含量的44.16%;两种人体半必需氨基酸(HEAA)(His,Arg)含量为11.68,占氨基酸总含量的11.41%;4种呈鲜、甜味氨基酸(Asp,Glu,Gly,Ala)的含量为31.56,占氨基酸总含量的30.84%.通过对比新型三倍体鲫鱼与其父本四倍体鲫鲤、母本金鱼及其他种类鱼的肌肉营养成分,发现4种呈味氨基酸含量远远高于其父母本中相应4种氨基酸含量,人体必需氨基酸含量也远远高于湘云鲫(鲤)等其他同类品种鱼类的含量.
向兵刘少军张纯孙远东段巍申佳珉罗凯坤陶敏曾琛刘筠
关键词:金鱼氨基酸
The cloning of Dmc1 cDNAs and a comparative study of its expression in different ploidy cyprinid fishes被引量:14
2008年
Dmc1 (disrupted meiotic cDNA) is a functionally specific gene, which was firstly discovered in yeast and then found to encode a protein required for homologous chromosome synapsis during the process of meiosis. In this investigation, we cloned the partial cDNAs of Dmc1 of diploid red crucian carp, Japanese crucian carp, common carp, triploid crucian carp and allotetraploid hybrids by using a pair of degenerate primers based on the conservative sequence of amino acids of the DMC1 protein in yeast, mouse and human. The full length cDNAs were then obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Our data showed that the full length cDNAs of Dmc1 in the three diploid fishes are all 1375 bp long, while it is 1383 bp long in triploids and 1379 bp long in allotetraploids. And despite of the variation in length, all the cDNAs encode a protein of 342 amino acids. A high homology of 97.3% of the DMC1 protein can be drawn by comparing the amino acid sequences in the three diploids, which is also of 86%, 86% and 95% similarity to human, mouse and zebrafish, respectively. A comparative study of the expression pattern of Dmc1 was carried out by RT-PCR using specific primers against the same se-quences of coding regions in different ploidy cyprinid fishes, from which it was showed that Dmc1 was expressed only in gonads of these five kinds of fishes. The expression pattern of Dmc1 in both ovaries and testes from different ploidy fishes within breeding season was also studied by Real-time PCR, and the results showed that the expression of this gene was greatly different among the three different ploidy fishes, which was the highest of triploid and lowest of allotetraploids. The histological sections data showed matured gonads of both diploid red crucian carp and allotetraploids in breeding season, although the latter demonstrated a higher maturation, and no gonadal maturation could be observed in triploids. In conclusion, we suggest that Dmc1 is specifically expressed in the period of meiosis in all the ploidy cyprinid fishes
TAO Min, LIU ShaoJun, LONG Yu, ZENG Chen, LIU JiFang, LIU LiangGuo, ZHANG Chun, DUAN Wei & LIU Yun Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
关键词:DIPLOIDTRIPLOIDALLOTETRAPLOIDMEIOSIS
用团头鲂精子诱导金鱼雌核发育研究被引量:11
2009年
用紫外灭活的团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)精子激活金鱼(Carassius auratus Goldfish)卵子,用0—4℃冷水冷休克处理卵子使其染色体加倍,得到成活的雌核发育金鱼。使用与金鱼不同亚科的团头鲂精子作为激活源能极大提高雌核发育后代的鉴定效率,只需依据外形特征、染色体数目和性腺发育程度,就能容易地将雌核发育金鱼和与团头鲂杂交后代区分开。雌核发育金鱼有两种体色不同的后代,但都为双尾,体形似金鱼,染色体数目为2n=100,全雌,性腺发育正常;而杂交后代为单尾,体形似鲫鱼,染色体数目为3n=124,性腺发育滞后。本实验为证明金鱼的性别决定方式为XX/XY型提供了细胞遗传学证据。得到两种体色皆不同于母本体色的后代,可能是基因座位纯化导致后代性状分化,也可能是异精效应导致。
肖俊彭德姣段巍刘少军孙远东龙昱申佳珉张纯陶敏刘筠
关键词:金鱼团头鲂人工雌核发育性别决定
新型高背型鲫鱼的形成及其生物学特征研究被引量:8
2008年
利用鱼类远缘杂交技术和雌核发育方法获得了新型四倍体鲫鲤(G1×AT).在G1×AT中发现2%的高背型个体,其自交后代性状发生分离并形成3种两性可育的二倍体鱼:高背型红鲫、高背型双尾金鱼和青灰色鲤鱼.其中高背型红鲫自交,后代性状继续发生分离,形成高背型红鲫、花鲫和青鲫.本文主要对这3种高背型鲫鱼及其自交后代的外形特征、染色体数目、性腺显微和超微结构以及繁殖力等方面进行了研究.结果表明:(ⅰ)这3种高背型鲫鱼在外形上都具有体背高、尾柄短、头部小的优良特性.高背型红鲫、花鲫和青鲫的体高/体长值分别为0.54,0.51和0.54,三者明显高于普通红鲫的体高/体长值0.41(P<0.01);(ⅱ)3种高背型鲫鱼染色体数目与普通红鲫染色体数目一致,都为2n=100;(ⅲ)这3种高背型鲫鱼都具有正常的卵巢和精巢,它们分别能产生成熟的卵子和精子,为二倍体高背型鲫鱼品系的形成奠定了基础;(ⅳ)与普通红鲫相比,3种高背型鲫鱼具有产卵(产精)量大、繁殖期长、受精率和孵化率高等优点.它们通过自交培育出了具有高背特征的二倍体鲫鱼群体;(ⅴ)3种高背型鲫鱼既具有较高的观赏和食用价值,也可以作为优良的二倍体亲本与四倍体鱼交配来制备高背型三倍体鲫鱼.这3种高背型鲫鱼的形成在生物进化研究和鱼类遗传育种研究方面都具有重要意义.
王静覃钦博陈松刘少军段巍刘锦辉张纯罗凯坤肖俊刘筠
关键词:染色体
人工诱导雌核发育日本白鲫(英文)被引量:13
2006年
分别用遗传失活的散鳞镜鲤(Cyprinus carpio L.)、团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)精子诱导日本白鲫(Carassius cuvieri)进行雌核发育。未经冷休克处理,用 UV 照射过的镜鲤的精子(其最佳 UV 照射剂量为 4 200 mJ/cm2)与日本白鲫卵子受精获得(32.4±3.3)%雌核发育单倍体和(0.7±0.3)%杂交二倍体,而照射过的团头鲂精子(其最佳UV照射剂量为3 600 mJ/cm2)与日本白鲫卵子受精得到了(33.8±1.4)%雌核发育单倍体和(0.5±0.3)%杂交二倍体。日本白鲫卵子分别经灭活的镜鲤、团头鲂的精子激活(精子经各自最佳UV剂量处理),施以冷休克处理(受精后2 min,0–4℃,40 min),其孵化率分别为(27.8±2.1)%和(29.4±3.3)%,发育到摄食期,其正常的雌核发育二倍体鱼苗分别为(15.7±3.4)%和(23.6±4.1)%,在镜鲤实验组中,其正常的雌核发育二倍体鱼苗占孵化鱼苗总数的56%,这比团头鲂实验组中正常雌核发育二倍体鱼苗的比率(达到80%)低,结果表明诱导日本白鲫雌核发育,与母本遗传关系远的团头鲂精子较镜鲤的更有效。从染色体数目、外形特征和性腺结构等方面证实雌核发育后代的生物学特性。雌核发育日本白鲫全为雌性,这表明其雌性是同配XX型。雌核发育日本白鲫在生产上将有着潜在的价值,如比普通日本白鲫长得更快,抗病能力强等。所有的雌核发育日本白鲫的染色体数目都是100,而所有的团头鲂与日本白鲫的杂交后代都是三倍体(3n=124),新三倍体鱼在鱼类养殖和理论研究中将存在潜在的价值。
孙远东张纯刘少军陶敏曾琛刘筠
关键词:雌核发育杂交三倍体性别决定
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