The toxic effects of different gradient concentrations of Hg2+ and Cd2+ on chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a/b value, photosynthetic O-2 evolution, respiration rate, anti-oxidase system (superoxide dismulase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD)) and ultrastructure of the cells of Azolla imbricata (Roxb.) Nakai were studied. The results showed that with Hg2+ and Cd2+ increase, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a/b value, photosynthetic O-2 evolution decreased drastically; respiration rate peaked at 2 mg/L pollutant and declined afterwards. The activities of SOD, CAT and POD increased first and decreased afterwards except the activity of POD, which decreased with the increasing of Cd2+ concentration. Ultrastructural observation showed that the extent of ultrastructural damage was much more serious with higher pollutant concentration and longer time of stress. This resulted in swelling of chloroplast, disruption and disappearance of chloroplast membrane and disintegration of chloroplasts; swelling of cristae of mitochondria, deformation and vacuolization of mitochondria; condensation of chromatin in nucleus, dispersion of nucleolus and disruption of nuclear membrane. The experimental results showed: (1) Hg2+ and Cd2+ pollution not only destroyed physiological activities, but also caused irreversible damage to its ultrastructure, thus leading the cells to death; (2) With increase in the stress of Hg2+ and Cd2+, ultrastructural damage was related to the changes of plant physiology; (3) The toxic symptoms of plant showed an evident correlation between dose and effect; (4) The toxicity of Cd2+ on A. imbricata is heavier than that of Hg2+ under the same treatment time and concentration. The lethal concentration of Hg2+ to A. imbricata ranged from 3.5 to 4 mg/L, and that of Cd2+ ranged from 3 to 3.5 mg/L. The damage of cell ultrastructure on Anabaena azollae Strasburger was observed. The results indicated that tolerance of Azolla imbricata for Hg2+ and Cd2+ was higher than that of A. imbricata.
研究了不同浓度Hg、Cd及其复合污染对浮萍（Lemna minor L.）叶片生理生化以及超微结构的毒害影响.经观察分析,培养4d后各处理组均呈现出不同程度的受害症状.随处理浓度的递增,叶绿素含量以及可溶性蛋白含量明显下降;抗氧化酶系统活性及脯氨酸含量均表现出-显著抗性峰,而后下降.通过电镜观察发现、叶绿体膨胀,外膜破裂,基粒片层垛叠混乱;线粒体脊突膨胀,呈现凌乱状态甚至空泡状残体;细胞核变形,核膜内陷,染色质凝集,呈无序状态甚至解体.结果表明:Cd对浮萍叶细胞的毒件比Hg大.Hg、Cd复合污染呈现明显的协同作用,加强了对叶细胞的伤害.Hg对于浮萍叶片的致死浓度在5～7mg/L之间;Cd的致死浓度在2.5～5mg/L之间;Hg+Cd的致死浓度在1mg/LHg+1mg/LCd～2.5mg/L Hg+2.5mg/LCd之间.
