搜索到31720篇“ DIFFICULTY“的相关文章
限缩法定犯适用的证明困境及其出路
2025年
在法定犯时代,为避免刑法过度适用减损国家治理整体效果,刑法学界提出了司法限缩方案,希望通过激活违法性认识的适用、严格审查前置的违法性、实质判断法益侵害程度来实现出罪减责。上述主张忽略了司法证明对构成要件的反向制约作用。违法性认识证明困难,决定其应作为责任要素,而非故意要素。行政监管的专业性和复杂性决定了,片面强调司法认定的独立性,否定行政鉴定与行政认定证据资格,不具有现实性。应区分关于专门性问题的报告和行政机关处理决定或意见,对前者参照司法鉴定意见予以规制,将后者归入辅助资料。将个人法益受到侵害作为法定犯构罪的前提,与增设法定犯特别是抽象危险犯立法目的不相适应。抽象危险和具体损害,只有通过反向刑事推定方可建立可转换的联系,从而实现积极出罪。
陈苏豪
关键词:法定犯构成要件司法证明
技术“自定人”的存在论疑难与道德可能解
2025年
在“命定”论所遵循的既定命运框架之中,存在着一定的解释空间或罅隙,这些空间构成了“自定”论的出场逻辑,其也为个体主体性的无限发挥与自我塑造奠定了理论基础。技术“自定人”旨在变“自然人”为“人化神”,人兼备人的功能和神的属性,是宏观人与宇观神的二元共体。由于技术“自定人”的临场排挤了人在自然中的原初地位,其正面临前所未有的存在论危机,于是,技术“自定人”的存在论疑难导出了三大道德可能解,即抑制主体性的过度泛滥、建构人类生活的集体理性和以“最大幸福原则”作为价值准则。
赵旭赵屹璇李雪松
关键词:主体性
中国高考难度分析理论构建初探被引量:10
2024年
传统的高考难度认知停留在统计数据层面。在网络时代,高考难度被赋予情绪意义和社会意义。本研究探讨不同主体视角下高考难度问题的认知差异,构建测量难度、感受难度和印象难度三维度的高考难度分析理论,分析不同维度之间的关系与相互作用机制,并应用高考难度分析理论探究高考难度演进过程及相关问题,提出相应建议。立足中国高考实际构建难度分析理论,有助于更全面地衡量高考难度,深化高考内容改革,实现立德树人、科学选才、引导教学的有机统一,服务教育强国建设。
于涵
关键词:高考
父母过度保护与大学生困难解释风格:真实性和抑郁的链式中介作用
2024年
目的:考察大学生的父母过度保护、真实性、抑郁与两种不同类型的困难解释风格(不可能性解释风格、进取性解释风格)之间的关系。方法:采用简式父母教养方式问卷、真实性问卷、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表、困难解释风格量表对706名大学生进行调查。结果:(1)大学生的父母过度保护、真实性、抑郁、不可能性解释风格以及进取性解释风格两两之间均显著相关;(2)父母过度保护对大学生面对困难的不可能性解释风格和进取性解释风格的直接效应显著,也分别通过真实性和抑郁的中介以及二者的链式中介产生间接效应。结论:父母过度保护水平越高,大学生面对困难时越会采取不可能性解释风格,越少采取进取性解释风格,真实性和抑郁在这一关系中发挥了链式中介效应。
李永雪毕重增
关键词:抑郁
Text Difficulty Study:Do Machines Behave the Same as Humans Regarding Text Difficulty?
2024年
With the emergence of pre-trained models,current neural networks are able to give task performance that is comparable to humans.However,we know little about the fundamental working mechanism of pre-trained models in which we do not know how they approach such performance and how the task is solved by the model.For example,given a task,human learns from easy to hard,whereas the model learns randomly.Undeniably,difficulty-insensitive learning leads to great success in natural language processing(NLP),but little attention has been paid to the effect of text difficulty in NLP.We propose a human learning matching index(HLM Index)to investigate the effect of text difficulty.Experiment results show:1)LSTM gives more human-like learning behavior than BERT.Additionally,UID-SuperLinear gives the best evaluation of text difficulty among four text difficulty criteria.Among nine tasks,some tasks’performance is related to text difficulty,whereas others are not.2)Model trained on easy data performs best in both easy and medium test data,whereas trained on hard data only performs well on hard test data.3)Train the model from easy to hard,leading to quicker convergence.
Bowen ChenXiao DingYi ZhaoBo FuTingmao LinBing QinTing Liu
关键词:PSYCHOLINGUISTICS
Effect of Mouth Opening Training Stick Combined with Oral Massage on Mouth Opening Difficulty in Head and Neck Cancer Patients after Treatment
2024年
Objective: To study the application effect of mouth-opening training sticks combined with oral massage on patients with mouth-opening difficulty after treatment for head and neck cancer. Methods: Using convenient sampling, 60 patients with mouth-opening difficulty after treatment for head and neck cancer admitted to the Oncology Department from February 2022 to October 2023 were selected for a 2-week exercise and nursing program. The patients were divided into a control group (February 1, 2022 to November 30, 2022) and an observation group (December 1, 2022 to October 31, 2023), with 30 patients in each group. The control group underwent routine mouth-opening functional exercises combined with cork for oral support training, while the observation group underwent routine mouth-opening functional exercises combined with oral massage and mouth-opening training sticks for oral support training. The mouth-opening degree, mouth-opening difficulty level, comfort level, compliance, and quality of life were observed in both groups. Results: Before the intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in mouth-opening degree and mouth-opening difficulty level between the two groups (P > 0.05). After the intervention, the mouth-opening degree, mouth-opening difficulty level, oral comfort level, compliance, and QLICP-HN scores in the observation group were all better than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of mouth-opening training sticks and oral massage with mouth-opening functional exercises can effectively improve the degree of mouth-opening difficulty, enhance oral comfort, increase compliance with mouth-opening exercises, and improve quality of life.
Jinhua LiuQiong Wen
Expert consensus on difficulty assessment of endodontic therapy被引量:1
2024年
Endodontic diseases are a kind of chronic infectious oral disease. Common endodontic treatment concepts are based on the removal of inflamed or necrotic pulp tissue and the replacement by gutta-percha. However, it is very essential for endodontic treatment to debride the root canal system and prevent the root canal system from bacterial reinfection after root canal therapy(RCT). Recent research, encompassing bacterial etiology and advanced imaging techniques, contributes to our understanding of the root canal system’s anatomy intricacies and the technique sensitivity of RCT. Success in RCT hinges on factors like patients, infection severity, root canal anatomy, and treatment techniques. Therefore, improving disease management is a key issue to combat endodontic diseases and cure periapical lesions. The clinical difficulty assessment system of RCT is established based on patient conditions, tooth conditions, root canal configuration, and root canal needing retreatment, and emphasizes pre-treatment risk assessment for optimal outcomes. The findings suggest that the presence of risk factors may correlate with the challenge of achieving the high standard required for RCT. These insights contribute not only to improve education but also aid practitioners in treatment planning and referral decision-making within the field of endodontics.
Dingming HuangXiaoyan WangJingping LiangJunqi LingZhuan BianQing YuBenxiang HouXinmei ChenJiyao LiLing YeLei ChengXin XuTao HuHongkun WuBin GuoQin SuZhi ChenLihong QiuWenxia ChenXi WeiZhengwei HuangJinhua YuZhengmei LinQi ZhangDeqin YangJin ZhaoShuang PanJian YangJiayuan WuYihuai PanXiaoli XieShuli DengXiaojing HuangLan ZhangLin YueXuedong Zhou
关键词:ANATOMYDIFFICULTYTREATMENT
Text Difficulty,Working Memory Capacity and Mind Wandering During Chinese EFL Learners’Reading
2024年
This experimental study investigated how text difficulty and different working memory capacity(WMC)affected Chinese EFL learners’reading comprehension and their tendency to engage in task-unrelated thoughts,that is,mind wandering(MW),in the course of reading.Sixty first-year university non-English majors participated in the study.A two-factor mixed experimental design of 2(text difficulty:difficult and simple)×2(WMC:high/large and low/small)was employed.Results revealed that 1)the main and interaction effects of WMC and text difficulty on voluntary MW were significant,whereas those on involuntary MW were not;2)while reading the easy texts,the involuntary MW of high-WMC individuals was less frequent than that of low-WMC ones,whereas while reading the difficult ones,the direct relationship between WMC and involuntary MW was not found;and that 3)high-WMC individuals had a lower overall rate of MW and better reading performance than low-WMC individuals did,but with increasing text difficulty,their rates of overall MW and voluntary MW were getting higher and higher,and the reading performance was getting lower and lower.These results lend support to WM theory and have pedagogical implications for the instruction of L2 reading.
Xianli GAOLi LI
Construction of a nomogram model to predict technical difficulty in performing laparoscopic sphincter-preserving radical resection for rectal cancer
2024年
BACKGROUND Colorectal surgeons are well aware that performing surgery for rectal cancer becomes more challenging in obese patients with narrow and deep pelvic cavities.Therefore,it is essential for colorectal surgeons to have a comprehensive understanding of pelvic structure prior to surgery and anticipate potential surgical difficulties.AIM To evaluate predictive parameters for technical challenges encountered during laparoscopic radical sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal cancer.METHODS We retrospectively gathered data from 162 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic radical sphincterpreserving surgery for rectal cancer.Three-dimensional reconstruction of pelvic bone and soft tissue parameters was conducted using computed tomography(CT)scans.Operative difficulty was categorized as either high or low,and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify predictors of operative difficulty,ultimately creating a nomogram.RESULTS Out of 162 patients,21(13.0%)were classified in the high surgical difficulty group,while 141(87.0%)were in the low surgical difficulty group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the surgical approach using laparoscopic intersphincteric dissection,intraoperative preventive ostomy,and the sacrococcygeal distance were independent risk factors for highly difficult laparoscopic radical sphincter-sparing surgery for rectal cancer(P<0.05).Conversely,the anterior-posterior diameter of pelvic inlet/sacrococcygeal distance was identified as a protective factor(P<0.05).A nomogram was subsequently constructed,demonstrating good predictive accuracy(C-index=0.834).CONCLUSION The surgical approach,intraoperative preventive ostomy,the sacrococcygeal distance,and the anterior-posterior diameter of pelvic inlet/sacrococcygeal distance could help to predict the difficulty of laparoscopic radical sphincter-preserving surgery.
Xiao-Cong ZhouShi-Wei GuanFei-Yue KeGaurav DhamijaQiang WangBang-Fei Chen
关键词:NOMOGRAM
Development of a novel difficulty scoring system for laparoscopic liver resection procedure in patients with intrahepatic duct stones
2024年
BACKGROUND For intrahepatic duct(IHD)stones,laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)is currently a reliable treatment.However,the current LLR difficulty scoring system(DSS)is only available for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.AIM To explore the development of a DSS for IHD stone patients with LLR and the validation of its reliability.METHODS We used clinical data from 80 patients who received LLR for IHD stones.Forty-six of these patients were used in multiple linear regression to construct a scoring system.Another 34 patients from different centers were used as external validation.The completeness of our DSS was then evaluated in patients with varying degrees of surgical difficulty based on documented surgical outcomes in the study group of patients.RESULTS The following five predictors were ultimately included and scored by calculating the weighted contribution of each factor to the prediction of operative time in the training cohort:Location of stones,number of stones≥3,stones located in the bile ducts of several grades,previous biliary surgery less than twice,distal bile duct atrophy.Subsequently,the data set was validated using a DSS developed from the variables.The following variables were identified as statistically significant in external validation:Operative time,blood loss,intraoperative transfusion,postoperative alanine aminotransferase,and Clavien-Dindo grading≥3.These variables demonstrated statistically significant differences in patients with three or more grades.CONCLUSION Patients with IHD stones have varying degrees of surgical difficulty,and the newly developed DSS can be validated with external data to effectively predict risks and complications after LLR surgery.
Bo LuoSi-Kai WuKe ZhangPei-Hong WangWei-Wei ChenNing FuZhi-Ming YangJing-Cheng Hao
关键词:OUTCOMECOMPLICATION

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王智勇
作品数:4被引量:1H指数:1
供职机构:西安飞机工业集团有限责任公司
研究主题:循序 支线航空运输 支线航空 运输发展战略 航线网络
彭国珍
作品数:2被引量:0H指数:0
供职机构:浙江大学
研究主题:DIFFICULTY HOW ENGLISH DEAL CHINESE
余晓旭
作品数:51被引量:207H指数:8
供职机构:四川省人民医院
研究主题:疗效观察 手术治疗 CO2激光 CO_2激光 喉显微
陈桂芬
作品数:2被引量:0H指数:0
供职机构:福建师范大学
研究主题:LEARNING HAVE WHO 分层教学 高中教育
彭素芳
作品数:2被引量:0H指数:0
供职机构:湖南师范大学
研究主题:高考英语测试 听力理解 LISTENING_COMPREHENSION NMET 高考英语