Introduction: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is one of the leading causes of mortality among women of reproductive age and Mother to Child Transmission of Human immunodeficiency virus is still a challenge affecting many countries. Globally, an estimation of 180,000 children under 15 years acquire the Human immunodeficiency virus every day, and more than 90% of those infections are due to Mother to Child Transmission. The study sought to explore the experiences of mothers on the Elimination of Mother to Child Transmission-HIV services at Mtendere Clinic, Lusaka. Materials and Methods: Qualitative interpretive phenomenology study design was employed using in-depth interviews to collect data from a sample that was selected using purposive sampling technique. Thirteen participants were recruited, and these were HIV-positive mothers at least between the ages of 15 and 49 years and enrolled in the Elimination of Mother To Child Transmission-HIV program. The in-depth interviews were audiotape recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data was analyzed using thematic method. Findings: Three main themes that emerged are;living with HIV, support system and barriers to utilization of Elimination of Mother To Child Transmission-HIV services. Most of the participants expressed having acquired knowledge from the program, and received counselling and support from spouses, family as well as health personnel at Mtendere health facility which culminated into a positive experience and enhanced their uptake of the Elimination of Mother to Child Transmission-HIV services. However, barriers to service utilization were identified and these included fear of stigma, negative attitudes from health workers, long waiting times, lack of support and lack of transport to the health facility. Conclusion: Interventions such as community awareness campaigns on Elimination of Mother To Child Transmission-HIV, male involvement and implementing mother-to-mother peer support strategies in Elimination of Mother To Child Transmission-HIV service utilizati
A well-known hazardous metal and top contaminant in wastewater is hexavalent chromium. The two forms of most commonly found chromium are chromate ( CrO 4 2− ) and dichromate ( Cr 2 O 7 2− ). Leather tanning, cooling tower blow-down, plating, electroplating, rinse water sources, anodizing baths etc. are the main sources of Cr (VI) contamination. The Cr (VI) is not only non-biodegradable in the environment but also carcinogenic to living population. It is still difficult to treat Cr contaminated waste water effectively, safely, eco-friendly, and economically. As a result, many techniques have been used to treat Cr (VI)-polluted wastewater, including adsorption, chemical precipitation, coagulation, ion-exchange, and filtration. Among these practices, the most practical method is adsorption for the removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions, which has gained widespread acceptance due to the ease of use and affordability of the equipment and adsorbent. It has been revealed that Fe-based adsorbents’ oxides and hydroxides have high adsorptive potential to lower Cr (VI) content below the advised threshold. Fe-based adsorbents were also discovered to be relatively cheap and toxic-free in Cr (VI) treatment. Fe-based adsorbents are commonly utilized in industry. It has been discovered that nanoparticles of Fe-, Ti-, and Cu-based adsorbents have a better capacity to remove Cr (VI). Cr (VI) was effectively removed from contaminated water using mixed element-based adsorbents (Fe-Mn, Fe-Ti, Fe-Cu, Fe-Zr, Fe-Cu-Y, Fe-Mg, etc.). Initial findings suggest that Cr (VI) removal from wastewater may be accomplished by using magnesium ferrite nanomaterials as an efficient adsorbent.
In a factorial ring, we can define the p.g.c.d. of two elements (defined to the nearest unit) and the notion of prime elements between them. More generally, Bezout’s identity characterizes two prime elements in a main ring. A ring that satisfies the property of the theorem is called a Bezout ring. We have given some geometry theorems that can be proved algebraically, although the methods of geometry and, in particular, of projective geometry are by far the most beautiful. Most geometric problems actually involve polynomial equations and can be translated into the language of polynomial ideals. We have given a few examples of a different nature without pretending to make a general theory.
Caused by the environment clutter,the radar false alarm plots are unavoidable.Suppressing false alarm points has always been a key issue in Radar plots procession.In this paper,a radar false alarm plots elimination method based on multi-feature extraction and classification is proposed to effectively eliminate false alarm plots.Firstly,the density based spatial clustering of applications with noise(DBSCAN)algorithm is used to cluster the radar echo data processed by constant false-alarm rate(CFAR).The multi-features including the scale features,time domain features and transform domain features are extracted.Secondly,a feature evaluation method combining pearson correlation coefficient(PCC)and entropy weight method(EWM)is proposed to evaluate interrelation among features,effective feature combination sets are selected as inputs of the classifier.Finally,False alarm plots classified as clutters are eliminated.The experimental results show that proposed method can eliminate about 90%false alarm plots with less target loss rate.
Fire smoke,which consists large amounts of fine particles,is considered as the fatal factor in fires.In this study,a fast smoke particle elimination method based on electro-acoustic coupling agglomeration technology is proposed.First,the experimental results show that the electro-acoustic coupling agglomeration has higher smoke elimination efficiency compared to single-field.The smoke transmission is much less than 80%after 30s of single acoustic or electric field action,while the coupled field reaches 90%.Then,the effects of acoustic frequency,sound pressure level and voltage on the smoke elimination characteristics are discussed.It is found that the optimal acoustic frequency is 1.5kHz.While as the sound pressure level and voltage increase,the elimination efficiency first increases and then tends to stabilize,the critical values of the sound pressure level and voltage are 135 dB and 7kV.This indicates that there is an optimal combination of the three variables.Finally,through the theoretical analysis of particle movement and the micro-morphology of agglomerates,the particle agglomeration mechanism under the electro-acoustic coupling is analyzed.This study provides a new idea for the fast elimination of fire smoke particle.
Jie FengMingfeng LuKaige WangKun LuoMingzhou YuGuangxue ZhangJiangrong XuShuping PanHailin Gu
Background The disease burden of tuberculosis(TB)was heavy in Hainan Province,China,and the information on transmission patterns was limited with few studies.This atudy aims to further explore the epidemiological charac-teristics and influencing factors of TB in Hainan Province,and thereby contribute valuable scientific evidences for TB elimination in Hainan Province.Methods The TB notification data in Hainan Province from 2013 to 2022 were collected from the Chinese National Disease Control Information System Tuberculosis Surveillance System,along with socio-economic data.The spatial-temporal and population distributions were analyzed,and spatial autocorrelation analysis was conducted to explore TB notification rate clustering.In addition,the epidemiological characteristics of the cases among in-country migrants were described,and the delay pattern in seeking medical care was investigated.Finally,a geographically and tem-porally weighted regression(GTWR)model was adopted to analyze the relationship between TB notification rate and socio-economic indicators.The tailored control suggestions in different regions for TB elimination was provided by understanding epidemiological characteristics and risk factors obtained by GTWR.Results From 2013 to 2022,64,042 cases of TB were notified in Hainan Province.The estimated annual percent-age change of TB notification rate in Hainan Province from 2013 to 2020 was-6.88%[95%confidence interval(CI):-5.30%,-3.69%],with higher rates in central and southern regions.The majority of patients were males(76.33%)and farmers(67.80%).Cases among in-country migrants primarily originated from Sichuan(369 cases),Heilongjiang(267 cases),Hunan(236 cases),Guangdong(174 cases),and Guangxi(139 cases),accounting for 53%.The majority(98.83%)of TB cases were notified through passive case finding approaches,with delay in seeking care.The GTWR analysis showed that gross domestic product per capita,the number of medical institutions and health personnel per 10,oo0 people were main factors affecting t
Changqiang ZhouTao LiJian DuDapeng YinXiujun LiShixue Li
The monoaminotrinitro iron phthalocyanine(FeMATNPc)is used to connect with isonicotinic acid(INA)for amide bonding and axial coordination to synthetic a unique catalyst FeMATNPc-INA,which is loaded in polyacrylonitrile(PAN)nanofibers by electrospinning.The introduction of INA destroys theπ-πconjugated stack structure in phthalocyanine molecules and exposes more active sites.The FeMATNPc-INA structure is characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-visible absorption spectrum,and the FeMATNPcINA/PAN structure is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.The FeMATNPc-INA/PAN can effectively activate peroxymonosulfate(PMS)to eliminate carbamazepine(CBZ)within 40 minutes(PMS 1.5 mmol/L)in the dark.The effects of catalyst dosage,PMS concentration,pH and inorganic anion on the degradation of CBZ are investigated.It has been confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance,gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy and free radical capture experiments that the catalytic system is degraded by·OH,SO4^(·-)and Fe(IV)=O are the major active species,the singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2))is the secondary active species.The degradation process of CBZ is analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and the aromatic compounds have been degraded to small molecular acids.
The irregular defects and residual tumor tissue after surgery are challenges for effective breast cancer treatment.Herein,a smart hydrogel with self-adaptable size and dual responsive cargos release was fabricated to treat breast cancer via accurate tumor elimination,on-demand adipose tissue regeneration and effective infection inhibition.The hydrogel consisted of thiol groups ended polyethylene glycol(SH-PEG-SH)and doxorubicin encapsulated mesoporous silica nanocarriers(DOX@MSNs)double crosslinked hyaluronic acid(HA)after loading of antibacterial peptides(AP)and adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs).A pH-cleavable unsaturated amide bond was pre-introduced between MSNs and HA frame to perform the tumor-specific acidic environment dependent DOX@MSNs release,meanwhile an esterase degradable glyceryl dimethacrylate cap was grafted on MSNs,which contributed to the selective chemotherapy in tumor cells with over-expressed esterase.The bond cleavage between MSNs and HA would also cause the swelling of the hydrogel,which not only provide sufficient space for the growth of ADSCs,but allows the hydrogel to fully fill the irregular defects generated by surgery and residual tumor atrophy,resulting in the on-demand regeneration of adipose tissue.Moreover,the sustained release of AP could be simultaneously triggered along with the size change of hydrogel,which further avoided bacterial infection to promote tissue regeneration.
Ran TianXinyu QiuWenyun MuBolei CaiZhongning LiuShiyu LiuXin Chen